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Kay Ryan (born September 21, 1945) is an American poet and educator. She has published seven volumes of poetry and an anthology of selected and new poems. Ryan was the sixteenth United States Poet Laureate, from 2008 to 2010.[1] She was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow, September 20, 2011.[2]


Also see: [[MacArthur Foundation Fellows: September 20, 2011]]


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==Biography==
Ryan was born in San Jose, California, and was raised in several areas of the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.[3] After attending Antelope Valley College, she received bachelor's and master's degrees in English from University of California, Los Angeles.[4] Since 1971, she has lived in Marin County, California, and has taught English part-time at the College of Marin in Kentfield.[5] Carol Adair, who was also an instructor at the College of Marin, was Ryan's partner from 1978 until Adair's death in 2009.[6][7]


Her first collection, ''Dragon Acts to Dragon Ends'', was privately published in 1983 with the help of friends.[8] While she found a commercial publisher for her second collection, ''Strangely Marked Metal'' (1985), her work went nearly unrecognized until the mid 1990s, when some of her poems were anthologized and the first reviews in national journals were published.[9] She became widely recognized following her receipt of the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize in 2004, and published her sixth collection of poetry, ''The Niagara River'', in 2005.


In July 2008, the U.S. Library of Congress announced that Ryan would be the sixteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress for a one-year term commencing in Autumn 2008. She succeeded Charles Simic.[1] In April 2009, the Library announced that Ryan would serve a second one-year term extending through May 2010.[10] She was succeeded by W.S. Merwin in June 2010.[11]


==Poetry==
The Poetry Foundation's website has characterized Ryan's poems as follows: "Like Emily Dickinson and Marianne Moore before her, Ryan delights in quirks of logic and language and teases poetry out of the most unlikely places. She regards the 'rehabilitation of clichés,' for instance, as part of the poet’s mission. Characterized by subtle, surprising rhymes and nimble rhythms, her compact poems are charged with sly wit and off-beat wisdom."


J. D. McClatchy included Ryan in his 2003 anthology of contemporary American poetry.[12] He wrote in his introduction, "Her poems are compact, exhilarating, strange affairs, like Satie miniatures or Cornell boxes. ... There are poets who start with lived life, still damp with sorrow or uncertainty, and lead it towards ideas about life. And there are poets who begin with ideas and draw life in towards their speculations. Marianne Moore and May Swenson were this latter sort of artist; so is Kay Ryan."[12]


Ryan's poems are often quite short. In one of the first essays on Ryan, Dana Gioia wrote about this aspect of her poetry. "Ryan reminds us of the suggestive power of poetry–how it elicits and rewards the reader’s intellect, imagination, and emotions. I like to think that Ryan’s magnificently compressed poetry – along with the emergence of other new masters of the short poem like Timothy Murphy and H.L. Hix and the veteran maestri like Ted Kooser and Dick Davis – signals a return to concision and intensity."[9]


Many reviewers have noted an affinity between Ryan's poetry and Marianne Moore's.[13]


In addition to the oft-remarked affinity with Moore, affinities with poets May Swenson, Stevie Smith, Emily Dickinson, Wendy Cope, and Amy Clampitt have been noted by some critics. Thus Katha Pollitt wrote that Ryan's fourth collection, ''Elephant Rocks'' (1997), is "Stevie Smith rewritten by William Blake" but that ''Say Uncle'' (2000) "is like a poetical offspring of George Herbert and the British comic poet Wendy Cope."[14]


Another reviewer of ''Say Uncle'' (2000) wrote of Ryan, "Her casual manner and nods to the wisdom tradition might endear her to fans of A. R. Ammons or link her distantly to Emily Dickinson. But her tight structures, odd rhymes and ethical judgments place her more firmly in the tradition of Marianne Moore and, latterly, Amy Clampitt."[15]


Ryan's wit, quirkiness, and slyness are often noted by reviewers of her poetry, but Jack Foley emphasizes her essential seriousness. In his review of ''Say Uncle'' he writes, "There is, in short, far more darkness than 'light' in this brilliant, limited volume. Kay Ryan is a serious poet writing serious poems, and she resides on a serious planet (a word she rhymes with 'had it'). Ryan can certainly be funny, but it is rarely without a sting."[16] 


Some of these disjoint qualities in her work are illustrated by her poem "Outsider Art", which Harold Bloom selected for the anthology ''The Best of the Best American Poetry 1988-1997''.


Ryan is also known for her extensive use of internal rhyme. She refers to her specific methods of using internal rhyme as "recombinant rhyme." She claims that she had a hard time "tak[ing] end-rhyme seriously," and uses recombinant rhyme to bring structure and form to her work. As for other types of form, Ryan claims that she cannot use them, stating that it is "like wearing the wrong clothes."[17]


==Honors and awards==
Ryan's awards include a 1995 award from the Ingram Merrill Foundation,[1] the 2000 Union League Poetry Prize,[18] the 2001 Maurice English Poetry Award, a fellowship in 2001 from the National Endowment for the Arts,[19] a 2004 Guggenheim Fellowship, and the 2004 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize.


Her poems have been included in three Pushcart Prize anthologies,[20][21][22] and have been selected four times for ''The Best American Poetry'';[23][24][25] "Outsider Art" was selected by Harold Bloom for ''The Best of the Best American Poetry 1988-1997.'' 


Since 2006, Ryan has served as one of fourteen Chancellors of The Academy of American Poets.[26] On January 22, 2011, Ryan was listed as a finalist for the 2011 National Book Critics Circle Award; on April 18, 2011, Ryan won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, for her collection The Best of It: New and Selected Poems.[27][28][29][30]


==Poetry collections==
1983: Dragon Acts to Dragon Ends, 64 pages, Fairfax, California: Taylor Street Press, ISBN 0911407006

1985: Strangely Marked Metal, 50 pages, Providence, Rhode Island: Copper Beech Press, ISBN 0914278460

1994: Flamingo Watching, 63 pages, Providence, Rhode Island: Copper Beech Press, ISBN 0914278649

1996: Elephant Rocks, 84 pages, New York: Grove Press, ISBN 0802115861

2000: Say Uncle, New York: Grove Press, 80 pages, ISBN 0802137172

2005: The Niagara River, 72 pages, New York: Grove Press, ISBN 0802142222

2008: Jam Jar Lifeboat & Other Novelties Exposed, illustrated by Carl Dern. 40 pages, Red Berry Editions, ISBN 9780981578118

2010: The Best of It: New and Selected Poems, Grove Press, ISBN 978-0802119148


==References==
<references/>

^ a b c Raymond, Matt; Urschel, Donna (17 July 2008). "Librarian of Congress Appoints Kay Ryan Poet Laureate". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2008-07-18.

^ "MacArthur Fellows Program: Meet the 2011 Fellows". September 20, 2011. John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Retrieved 20 September 2011.

^ Kay Ryan. Interview. Kay Ryan Discusses New Collection of Poems (Video/Transcript). Newshour with Jim Lehrer. PBS. 26 July 2006. Retrieved on 2008-07-18.

^ Hewitt, Alison (2008-07-17). "Kay Ryan, UCLA graduate in English, named 16th poet laureate of U.S.". UCLA. Retrieved 2008-09-12. Ryan received her B.A. in 1967 and her M.A. in 1968.

^ Cohen, Patricia (17 July 2008). "Kay Ryan, Outsider With Sly Style, Named Poet Laureate". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

^ Halstead, Richard (September 23, 2007). "Kay Ryan rises to the top despite her refusal to compromise". Marin Independent Journal. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

^ Ashley, Beth (January 7, 2009). "Carol Adair, College of Marin instructor, dies at 66". Marin Independent Journal.

^ Ryan told Richard Halstead (Marin Independent Journal, 2007) that, "There is a certain onus on publishing one's own book. So, I wasn't terribly proud to be doing that. It was the act of a desperate woman, and it did me not a shred of good."

^ a b Gioia, Dana (Winter 1998–99). "Review: Discovering Kay Ryan". The Dark Horse (7). Retrieved 2008-07-18.

^ "Library of Congress Appoints Kay Ryan to Second Term as U.S. Poet Laureate". The Library of Congress. April 13, 2009.

^ Kennicott, Philip (July 1, 2010). "W.S. Merwin, Hawaii-based poet, will serve as 17th U.S. laureate". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 1, 2010.

^ a b McClatchy, J. D. (2003). "Kay Ryan". The Vintage Book of Contemporary American Poetry:Second Edition. Vintage Books. p. 530. ISBN 1400030955. McClatchy included the following poems in this anthology: "Paired Things", "Mirage Oases", "A Cat/A Future", "The Old Cosmologists", "That Will to Divest", and "Drops in the Bucket".

^ Muse, Charlotte (Autumn 1999). "Review: Elephant Rocks by Kay Ryan". The Able Muse. Archived from the original on 2000-09-01.

^ Pollitt, Katha (November 8, 2000). "Shaking New Meanings Out of Worn Phrases". Slate.com. Retrieved 2008-07-25.

^ PW staff writers (24 July 2000). "Review: Say Uncle, Ryan, Kay (Author)". Publishers' Weekly. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

^ Foley, Jack. "Kay Ryan, Say Uncle". The Alsop Review. Archived from the original on 2006-10-19. Retrieved 2008-08-14.

^ Fay, Sarah. "Paris Review - The Art of Poetry No. 94, Kay Ryan". The Paris Review. Retrieved 2010-09-16.

^ "Poetry Prizes: The Union League Civic and Arts Poetry Prize". Poetry. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-18. See also the Union League article.

^ Mason, Eileen B. (2001) (.PDF). 2001 Annual Report: Individual Fellowships. National Endowment for the Arts. pp. 31. Archived from the original on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

^ Ryan, Kay (1997). "Crib". In Henderson, Bill. The Pushcart Prize XXI: Best of the Small Presses, 1997 Edition. Wainscott, NY: Pushcart Press. p. 44. ISBN 0916366960. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

^ Ryan, Kay (1998). "Living with Stripes". In Henderson, Bill. The Pushcart Prize XXII: Best of the Small Presses, 1998 Edition. Wainscott, NY: Pushcart Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-1888889079. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

^ Ryan, Kay (2004). "Chinese Foot Chart". In Henderson, Bill. The Pushcart Prize XXIX: Best of the Small Presses, 2005 Edition. Wainscott, NY: Pushcart Press. ISBN 978-1888889390. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

^ Ryan, Kay (1999). "That Will to Divest". In Lehman, David and Bly, Robert. The Best American Poetry 1999. Scribners.

^ Ryan, Kay (2005). "Home to Roost". In Lehman, David and Muldoon, Paul. The Best American Poetry 2005. Scribners.

^ Ryan, Kay (2006). "Thin". In Lehman, David and Collins, Billy. The Best American Poetry 2006. Scribners.

^ "Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets". Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

^ "For Immediate Release: The National Book Critics Circle Finalists for 2010 Awards". Poetry. 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-28.

^ "Pulitzer Winner Kay Ryan on Poetry, Rhyming, and Terminal Cancer". The Wall Street Journal. April 19, 2011.

^ Rob Rogers (2011-04-18). "Fairfax's Kay Ryan awarded Pulitzer prize for poetry". Marin Independent Journal.

^ http://www.pulitzer.org/works/2011-Poetry


==External links==

"Kay Ryan: Online Resources". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2008-07-21.

Profile and poems of Kay Ryan at the Poetry Foundation.

Sarah Fay (Winter 2008). "Kay Ryan, The Art of Poetry No. 94". The Paris Review.

Audio: Kay Ryan reading at the 2010 Key West Literary Seminar (29:52)

Review of The Best of It by Dwight Garner in The New York Times.

Essay by Dana Gioia "Discovering Kay Ryan". First published in The Dark Horse journal (No. 7, Winter 1998-99).

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