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| − | ==The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation and Homosexuality==
| + | This is the introduction to OutHistory articles about the Federal Bureau of Investigation's surveillance of homosexuals, alleged homosexuals, persons alleging persons to be homosexuals, and persons associated in some more distant way with homosexuality, as well as homosexual rights groups, and anti-homosexual groups and persons. |
| − | {{unprotected}}
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| | | | |
| − | ='''ENTRY UNDER CONSTRUCTION'''=
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| − | ==Alphabetical Subject List==
| + | OutHistory is asking the public to help survey what evidence exists about the FBI's surveillance of homosexuals and homosexuality. In December 2011, the founder of OutHistory.org, sent out a press release asking the public for such research assistance. See: [[Jonathan Ned Katz: "F.B.I Surveillance of Homosexuals and Gay Groups, December 18, 2011]] |
| − | F.B.I. Surveillance of Homosexuals, Alleged Homosexuals, Homosexual Groups, and Anti-Homosexual Groups and Persons | |
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| − | This list in construction is composed of the names of individuals and groups listed on the FBI's "Vault Index" website as having some association with homosexuality.<ref>From the FBI Vault Index site: The FBI has converted many FOIA documents to an electronic format (PDF), and they may be viewed below. In the case of voluminous pages, only summaries or excerpts from the documents are online. Subjects are sorted alphabetically by first name. You can also use your browser's find feature to locate subjects on the page. Searches of the Vault Index:
| + | In part, this is a survey of the history and evidence of rumors. We are interested in evaluating that documentation within its original social and historical context and asking what it reveals, especially about American sexuality and gender. |
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| − | A search of this site for "homosexual" on October 9, 2011 returned 76 items. A search on the same date for "homosexuality" returned 26 items, some of which were not included in the original 76 items. A search for "homosexuals" returned 40 items some of which were not included in earlier searches,
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| − | <br/>
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| − | A search for "lesbian" returned 8 items, some of which had not been included in the earlier results:
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| − | (1) Mattachine Society Part 03 of 03;
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| − | (2) Jesse Helms Part 04 of 07;
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| − | (3) Alfred Kinsey Part 4 of 4;
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| − | (4) Black Dahlia (E Short) Part 3 of 4
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| − | In 1947, Elizabeth Ann Short (1924-1947) was brutally mutilated and murdered in Los Angeles. The FBI was heavily involved the investigation as it pertained to ...
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| − | (5) Jesse Helms Part 03 of 07;
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| − | (6) Supreme Court Part 24 of 34;
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| − | (7) Amerithrax Part 05 of 30 Amerithrax, short for American anthrax attacks, was a multi-agency investigation led by the FBI. It was launched in October 2001, when letters laced with ... ;
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| − | (8) J. Edgar Hoover Part 16 of 22
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| − | A search for "lesbianism" returned one result.
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| − | A search for "lesbians" was made on November 11, 20011, and provided six results not yet integrated into the alphabetical list below:
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| − | (1) New Alliance Party Part 3 of 3;
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| − | (2) Liberace Part 3 of 6;
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| − | (3) New Alliance Party Part 1 of 3;
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| − | (4) Alcatraz Escape Part 14 of 17;
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| − | (5) New Alliance Party Part 2 of 3;
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| − | (6) Walter Winchell Part 56 of 58. These have not yet been integrated into the alphabetical list below.
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| − | A search for the term "gay" included 504 results, all of which may not refer to homosexuality and the results have not been included in this list. A search for "gay and homosexual" returned 21 results not yet included on the list below.<br/>
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| − | <br/>
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| − | A Note on the URLS
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| − | On October 8, 2011 some of the earlier-listed URLs on this page from the FBI Vault are no longer working. The same content appears to be available on the FBI Vault website under different URLs that have not yet been added to this page, replacing the earlier ones.
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| − | For the FBI's site see: [http://vault.fbi.gov/reading-room-index Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Vault Index.]</ref>
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| − | This list also contains the names of individuals known or rumored to have been homosexual or bisexual, or who were associated somehow with homosexuality, and who supported, or were alleged to support left-wing or liberal causes. Future research will show if the FBI had files on these persons and if those files referred to homosexuality. This research is intended to provide wide-ranging evidence of the surveillance of homosexuals, rumored homosexuals, or homosexuality conducted by the FBI.
| + | The entries and sources are based on information provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and in numbers of books, articles, and newspapers. |
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| − | ABSCAM.
| + | Below: Illustration with article critical of the FBI and Hoover by Ray Tucker, head of Collier's bureau in Washington, D.C. (see [[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology| F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 1, 1910-1949]]: 1933, August 19 ). We're reproducing it extra large here so OutHistory users can see all the spying going on. |
| − | :Part 10 of 10 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. | + | [[File:Colliers.Pix.300dpi.jpeg|1000px]] |
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| − | Addams, Jane.
| + | UNDER CONSTRUCTION |
| − | :From the FBI Vault: Jane Addams (1860-1935) was an internationally known social worker, activist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner. This release concerns a treason investigation opened in 1924 involving the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom; Addams was a founding member of the organization. Jane Addams Part 1 of 4, Jane Addams Part 2 of 4; Jane Addams Part 3 of 4; Jane Addams Part 4 of 4
| + | {{unprotected}} |
| − | :Addams had a number of intimate relationships with women and it has been suggested that these included sexual desire and perhaps activity. See for example: [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-02-06/features/0702060273_1_hull-house-mary-rozet-smith-lesbian Nara Schoenberg, "Outing Jane Addams: Was the founder of Hull House a lesbian? And does it matter? Chicago Tribune, February 06, 2007.]
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| − | American Nazi Party.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 1 of 2 refers to ???.
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| − | ::Part 1 of 2 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 2 of 2 refers to "homosexuals".
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| | + | See: |
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| − | Amerithrax.
| + | ==[[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Bibliography]]== |
| − | : Part 10 of 30 refers to "homosexuality". Part 05 refers to "lesbian".
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| − | ::Amerithrax, short for American anthrax attacks, was a multi-agency investigation led by the FBI. It was launched in October 2001. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. | |
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| | + | ==[[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology| F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 1, 1910-1949]]== |
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| − | Aptheker, Bettina.
| + | ==[[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 2| F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 2, 1950-1979]]== |
| − | :evidence of FBI surveillance? | |
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| | + | ==[[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 3| F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 3, 1980-present]]== |
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| − | Atlanta Child Murders.
| + | ==[[F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Persons and Groups Investigated]]== |
| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. | |
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| | + | See also: |
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| − | Babcock, Ed.
| + | ==[[Angela "Angie" Calomiris: August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995]]== |
| − | :Young Republican aid to Joseph McCarthy. Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 379.
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| | + | ==[[John Edgar Hoover: January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972]]== |
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| − | Bankhead, Talulah.
| + | ==[[McCarthyism, Homophobia, and Homosexuality: 1940s-1950s]]== |
| − | :FBI Vault: 11 pages. See: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_b.htm
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| − | Beekman, Gustave.
| + | ==*[[Mitchell Halberstadt: A Gay Youth Group, the FBI, and the Community, November 28, 1984]]== |
| − | :Proprietor of homosexual brothel in Brooklyn, NY, in 1940s. Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 287. | |
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| | + | ==[[Rumor in LGBTQ History: Bibliography and Timeline]]== |
| | + | :Whatever the truth or falsity of rumors, how can, for example, the rumors about J. Edgar Hoover's homosexuality and cross-dressing be studied as evidence in the history of sexuality and gender? |
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| − | Bentley, Elizabeth.
| + | ==[[Searching the FBI Website for Homosexual History]]== |
| − | :Mary Price said that Bentley had made homosexual advances to her, which may or may not be true. Source: "Clever Girl, pages 315-316.
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| − | Bernstein, Leonard
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| − | :720 pages. See: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_b.htm
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| − | Black Dahlia (Elizabeth Short).
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| − | :Part 3 of 4 refers to "lesbian". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::In 1947, Elizabeth Ann Short (1924-1947) was brutally mutilated and murdered in Los Angeles. The FBI was heavily involved the investigation.
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| − | Blitzstein, Marc:
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| − | :FBI Vault: See: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_r.htm
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| − | Blunt, Anthony.
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| − | :FBI Vault: See: http://vault.fbi.gov/Anthony%20Blunt%20/Anthony%20Blunt%20Part%201%20of%201/view Accessed October 9, 2011.
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| − | ::An earlier URL listing 37 pages was: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_b.htm
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| − | Buck, Pearl.
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| − | ::Part 3 of 4 refers to term ?????. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Pearl Buck Part 3 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Burgess, Guy
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| − | :See also Philby, Kim
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| − | [[Angela "Angie" Calomiris: August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995| Calomiris, Angela "Angie": August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995]] | |
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| − | Cambridge Five Spy Ring
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| − | :FBI Vault: Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Parts 2, 3, 28, 33, 36, 39 of 42 refer to "homosexual".
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| − | ::Part 3 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 20 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 29 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 14 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 25 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 38 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 4 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 15 of 42 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Caldwell, Taylor.
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| − | Capote, Truman.
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| − | Chambers, Whittaker.
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 363.
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| − | Chancellor, John.
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| − | :FBI Vault accessed October 9, 2011.
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| − | ::Part 3 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 4 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 2 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Cohn, Roy.
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 412.
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| − | Cohn, Yetta.
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| − | :Communist Party member, police woman.
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| − | :See: [[Angela "Angie" Calomiris: August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995]]
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| − | Columbine High School.
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| − | :FBI Vault: Part 3 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Covenant The Sword The Arm of the Lord, The.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 2 refers to "homosexual".
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| − | ::Part 1 of 2 refers to "homosexuals"
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| − | Dandridge, Dorothy.
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| − | :African American film actress. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 1 of 1 refers to ???.
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| − | Davis, Charles.
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| − | :Advisor to Joseph McCarthy, alleged to have been dismissed from U.S. Navy for homosexual acts.) Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 379
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| − | Dietrich, Marlene.
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| − | Donovan, William J.
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| − | :Book Review - Wild Bill Donovan - By Douglas Waller - NYTimes.com www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/books/review/Conant-t.html?...allFeb 11, 2011 – A biography of William J. Donovan, the head of the World War II ... the O.S.S. chief accumulated reports that the F.B.I. director was homosexual. ...
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| − | :does the FBI have files on Donovan?
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| − | :Douglas Waller: "Wild Bill Donovan The Spymaster Who Created the ... outhistory.org/.../Douglas_Waller:_%22Wild_Bill_Donovan_The_Sp...Feb 13, 2011 – OutHistory.org would like to know of additional sources referring to William J. Donovan, homosexuals, and homosexuality.
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| − | :active in anti-homosexual witchhunt in Boise, Idaho? JNK thinks he remembers this. Check.
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| − | Ehrlichman, John.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | :Part 1 of 5 refers to "homosexuals". RESEARCH !!!!
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| − | FBI agents.
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| − | :Unnamed, thought to be homosexual). Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 755.
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| − | FBI informants
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| − | :Unnamed, thought to be homosexual. Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 412
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| − | Gay Activists Alliance
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| − | :FBI Vault: 534 pages
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| − | ::See: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_g.htm
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| − | Gay Activists Alliance:
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| − | :FBI Vault: 135 pages.
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| − | ::From the F.B.I. website: "This Civil Rights organization originated [sic] at Ohio State University in the 1970's and had several other Chapters throughout the United States, which were concerned with equal rights for gays and lesbians." URL: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/gayalli.htm
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| − | ::Part 01
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| − | ::Part 02
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| − | Gay Liberation Front
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| − | :FBI Vault: 1,113 pages
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| − | ::http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_g.htm
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| − | Gold, Harry.
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| − | :Part 29 of 108 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Hansberry, Lorraine
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| − | Hay, Harry.
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| − | :Communist Party member; founder of Mattachine Society, Los Angeles.
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| − | :Other Mattachine Society founders with CP affiliations?
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| − | Hells Angels.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Helms, Jesse.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Parts 03, 04 of 07 refer to "lesbian".
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| − | ::Part 04 of 07 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 03 of 07 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Hickock, Lorena
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| − | :See also: Eleanor Roosevelt
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| − | Hitler, Adolph.
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| − | :See: http://vault.fbi.gov/adolf-hitler Accessed October 9, 2011. (Users of OutHistory would like to know if this file contains any allegations of homosexuality.)
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| − | Holliday, Judy
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| − | :See: [[Angela "Angie" Calomiris: August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995]]
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| − | :See also: Yetta Cohn
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| − | Hoover, John Edgar. See also Tolson, Clyde.
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| − | :FBI Vault. Part 11 of 22 refers to "homosexuality". Part 16 refers to "lesbian", Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | :FBI files "include several memos regarding FBI agents visits, which included "vigorous interrogation" and "forcefully" presented points, made to individuals who made accusations or passed on rumor that J. Edgar Hoover was homosexual. Files note retribution taken against an employee of the National Labor Relations Board."<ref>Accessed November 11, 2011 from http://www.paperlessarchives.com/hoover.html</ref>
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| − | Hudson, Rock.
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| − | :Part 1 of 1 refers to ???. Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Hughes, Langston.
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| − | Jack the Ripper.
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| − | :Part 1 of 1 refers to "homosexual". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI vault.
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| − | Jenkins, Walter.
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| − | :Aid to Lyndon Johnson, arrested for homosexual solicitation just before presidential election.
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 579-580.
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| − | Johnson, Myrtis
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| − | :Angela "Calomiris also began dating Myrtis Johnson, the sister-in-law of her FBI handler, Ken Bierly, a fact that attracted attention from the media." See: [[Angela "Angie" Calomiris: August 1, 1916 - January 30, 1995]]
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| − | Kameny, Franklin
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| − | :His dossier entered FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's files for "sexual deviants." Quoted from "FRANKLIN KAMENY" by Michael Huffington, in the Washington Post.
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| − | Kaye, Danny
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| − | Kinsey, Alfred.
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| − | :FBI Vault: See: http://vault.fbi.gov/Alfred%20Kinsey Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Parts 3, 4 refer to "homosexual". Other parts also refer to "homosexual",
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| − | ::Part 2 of 4 refers to "homosexuals". Alfred Kinsey Part 4 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 4 of 4 refers to "lesbian".
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| − | ::Part 3 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Lash, Joseph.
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| − | :Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Liberace.
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| − | ::Part 3 of 6 refers to "homosexuals". Accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | MacArthur, General Douglas\.
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| − | ::FBI Vault: Part 4 of 4 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Mattachine Society
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| − | ::See: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) release of material from FBI file number 100-HQ-403320 Subject: The Mattachine Society, 1948-1971 - [PDF 43 MB - 28-Jun-2010] at: http://governmentattic.org/
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| − | ::NOTE: Large file: 43 MB
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| − | ::Part 03 of 03 refers to "lesbian". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 03 of 03 refers to "lesbianism". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 03 of 03 refers to "homosexuals". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | McCarthy, Joseph.
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| − | :U. S. Senator. Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 432, 434.
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| − | :FBI Vault:
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| − | ::Files accessed October 9, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | ::Part 3 of 56 refers to ?
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| − | ::Part 35 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 3 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | ::Part 5 of 56 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | McReynolds, David
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| − | :Peace activist, homosexual. See Duberman, Martin B.
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| − | National Organization for Women (NOW)
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| − | Nuestra Familia
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| − | :FBI Vault: Part 1 of 1 refers to ?. Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Nureyev, Rudolph
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| − | Police, local.
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| − | :Said to cover up information about FBI agents arrested for homosexual solicitation).
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 419.
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| − | Profumo, John (Bowtie).
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| − | :English politician involved in sex scandal.
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| − | ::FBI Vault: Part 8 of 8 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Roosevelt, Eleanor
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| − | :Intimate friend of Lorena Hickock, a confirmed lesbian, as well as other lesbians. See Blanche Weisen Cook .....
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| − | Savio, Mario
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| − | :Leader of free speech movement, Berkley, California, 1960s.
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| − | ::Part 09 of 09 refers to "homosexuality". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Spellman, Cardinal.
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 368.
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| − | Stevenson, Adlai.
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 402-403, 445, 478.
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| − | Supreme Court, United States
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| − | :Part 16 of 34 refers to "homosexuality". Part 24 of 34 refers to "lesbian". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | Robins, Jerome
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| − | :See: http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_r.htm
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| − | Röhm, Ernst Julius
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| − | Roosevelt, Eleanor
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| − | :See also: Lorena Hickock
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| − | Rukeyser, Muriel
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| − | Rustin, Bayard
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| − | :Homosexual, Black civil rights leader.
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| − | Shine, G. David
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| − | :close associate of Roy Cohn and Joseph McCarthy
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| − | Tolson, Clyde A.
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| − | :See also: J. Edgar Hoover
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| − | United States Presidential candidate (unnamed).
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 51.
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| − | United States Senator (unnamed).
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| − | :Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 35.
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| − | United States Supreme Court. See "Supreme Court".
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| − | Valenti, Jack.
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| − | :[http://www.nypost.com/seven/02202009/news/nationalnews/gay_probe_of_lbj_aide_156058.htm 'Gay' Probe of LBJ Aide Associated Press, NY Post, February 20, 2009]</ref>
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| − | Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes.
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| − | :Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault. 206 - 207 refers to "homosexuals".
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| − | Welles, Summner. (Friend and advisor to Franklin D. Roosevelt.)<ref>Cited in ''J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets'' By Curt Gentry. Page 307-308.</ref>
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| − | Winchell, Walter.
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| − | :Part 58 of 58 refers to "homosexual". Accessed October 11, 2011 from FBI Vault.
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| − | X, Malcolm Little.
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| − | ==See also:[[John Edgar Hoover: January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972]]==
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| − | ==Chronology==
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| − | 1940s: Since at least the 1940s unsubstantiated rumors have circulated that j. Edgar Hoover was homosexual.<ref>Terry, Jennifer (1999). ''An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society.'' University of Chicago Press. pp. pg. 350. ISBN 0-226-79366-4.</ref>
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| − | ==Bibliography== | |
| − | FBI Records: Our Freedom of Information/Privacy Act Website: See: http://foia.fbi.gov/
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| − | ==Questions==
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| − | Whatever their truth or falsity, how can the rumors about J. Edgar Hoover's homosexuality and cross-dressing be studied as evidence in the history of sexuality?
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| − | ==Research Request==
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| − | Users of OutHistory would like to know more about what each of these files contains. If necessary, please contact Jonathan Ned Katz about adding data on the FBI surveillance of homosexuals or suspected homosexuals. Katz: jnk123@mac.com
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| | [http://209.200.244.13/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation:_Mattachine_Society,_May_21,_1953 Katz, Jonathan Ned. Art work based on Federal Bureau of Investigation surveillance of The Mattachine Society, May 21, 1953] | | [http://209.200.244.13/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation:_Mattachine_Society,_May_21,_1953 Katz, Jonathan Ned. Art work based on Federal Bureau of Investigation surveillance of The Mattachine Society, May 21, 1953] |
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| − | ==References==
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| − | <references/>
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