Difference between revisions of "Alberta Lucille Hart/Alan L. Hart: Timeline, October 4, 1890 - present"
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==A chronology of the life, work, and comment on Alberta Lucille Hart/Allan Hart== | ==A chronology of the life, work, and comment on Alberta Lucille Hart/Allan Hart== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Building on the research of the late Brian Booth, OutHistory hopes to inspire new research into the evidence that reveals the life of an amazing individual.<ref>Booth, Brian. "Introduction, Bibliography, and Chronology" copyright 1999 by Brian Booth, published in ''The Life and Career of Alberta Lucille/Dr. Alan L. Hart with Collected Early Writings''. Portland, Ore.: Lewis & Clark College, February 2003. [http://www.himesduniway.org/Hart.pdf Online as a pdf]<ref>Accessed April 21, 2012</ref> | ||
| + | |||
UNDER CONSTRUCTION | UNDER CONSTRUCTION | ||
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==1902== | ==1902== | ||
| − | The family moves to Albany, Oregon, and Alberta Lucille enters the seventh grade. | + | The family moves to Albany, Oregon, and Alberta Lucille enters the seventh grade.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> |
| Line 38: | Line 41: | ||
==1908-1910== | ==1908-1910== | ||
| − | Alberta attends Albany College (now Lewis & Clark College) and is active in debate, writing, tennis, photography, and other | + | Alberta Lucille attends Albany College (now Lewis & Clark College) and is active in debate, writing, tennis, photography, and other activities.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> |
==1911== | ==1911== | ||
| − | ''The Takenah'', the Albany College yearbook (Albany, Ore.: Albany College, 1911), includes three photographs and several written references to Lucille Hart. A brief description of Hart and two photos, one as a member of the junior class, the other a baby picture, are on p. 18-19 of ''The Takenah''. A description of the junior class (p. 20) says that it had dwindled from seventeen "Freshmen" to three "Juniors," all women: "[Lucille] Hart, [Eva] Cushman, [Katherine] Stuart." These women include "the most graceful dancer, the most expert mandolinist, and the finest soprano soloist in the college." Hart is said to preside over all the class meetings. "They have also decided--as a part of their duty to the world and the rising generation--to discard all rats and artificial puffs, and to adopt the dress-reform style of clothing. They have not yet worn their new costumes in public, though they contemplate doing so soon." Page 51 presents a photograph of the "Editorial Staff" of The Takenah, including Lucille Hart and Eva Cushman. Dr. Gilbert's report mentions that "H" was active at Albany College as an oratorical debator, a manager of the "College Annual," and as a leader of the Women's Mandolin Club. Dr. Gilbert's report describes "H's" sexual-affectional liaison at Albany College with a young woman "classmate" whose initials are given as "E.C." This is no doubt the Eva Cushman whose pictures and description appear in The Takenah (pages, 18-19, 20, 51). | + | ''The Takenah'', the Albany College yearbook (Albany, Ore.: Albany College, 1911), includes three photographs and several written references to Lucille Hart. A brief description of Hart and two photos, one as a member of the junior class, the other a baby picture, are on p. 18-19 of ''The Takenah''. |
| + | :A description of the junior class (p. 20) says that it had dwindled from seventeen "Freshmen" to three "Juniors," all women: "[Lucille] Hart, [Eva] Cushman, [Katherine] Stuart." These women include "the most graceful dancer, the most expert mandolinist, and the finest soprano soloist in the college." Hart is said to preside over all the class meetings. "They have also decided--as a part of their duty to the world and the rising generation--to discard all rats and artificial puffs, and to adopt the dress-reform style of clothing. They have not yet worn their new costumes in public, though they contemplate doing so soon." | ||
| + | :Page 51 presents a photograph of the "Editorial Staff" of The Takenah, including Lucille Hart and Eva Cushman. | ||
| + | :Dr. Gilbert's report mentions that "H" was active at Albany College as an oratorical debator, a manager of the "College Annual," and as a leader of the Women's Mandolin Club. Dr. Gilbert's report describes "H's" sexual-affectional liaison at Albany College with a young woman "classmate" whose initials are given as "E.C." This is no doubt the Eva Cushman whose pictures and description appear in ''The Takenah'' (pages, 18-19, 20, 51). | ||
==1911-1912== | ==1911-1912== | ||
| − | Hart transfers to Stanford University as a Junior. Eva Cushman, moves with her from Albany College. Hart receives high marks in pre-med coursework. | + | Hart transfers to Stanford University as a Junior. Eva Cushman, moves with her from Albany College. Hart receives high marks in pre-med coursework. Hart is active on campus and maintains a guarded love affair with her roommate, Eva Cushman.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> |
Hart was in attendance at Stanford University during the first and second semesters of the academic year 1911-12. The Leland Stanford Junior University: Twenty-first Annual Register; 1911-12 ([Stanfold], Calif.: Published by the University, ?? , p. 26) lists Alberta Lucille Hart, from Albany, Ore., as registered for Physiology 66, and living at 2 Roble (a dormitory) .<ref>Stanford University registrar's office to Jonathan Ned Katz, Dec. 3, 1975; {{GAH}}, page ?</ref> | Hart was in attendance at Stanford University during the first and second semesters of the academic year 1911-12. The Leland Stanford Junior University: Twenty-first Annual Register; 1911-12 ([Stanfold], Calif.: Published by the University, ?? , p. 26) lists Alberta Lucille Hart, from Albany, Ore., as registered for Physiology 66, and living at 2 Roble (a dormitory) .<ref>Stanford University registrar's office to Jonathan Ned Katz, Dec. 3, 1975; {{GAH}}, page ?</ref> | ||
| Line 52: | Line 58: | ||
==1912== | ==1912== | ||
| − | + | Hart moves back to Albany, Oregon, and graduates from Albany College.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> | |
==1913== | ==1913== | ||
| − | Enters University of Oregon Medical College, then located in | + | Enters University of Oregon Medical College, then located in N.W. West 23rd and Lovejoy Street in Portland. Is the only woman in her class. During medical school Hart lives in apartment buildings at N.W. 21st Street between Flanders and Glisan, the Rex Arms Apartments at S.E. 1th and Morrison, and at boarding houses at 2265 N.W. Hoyt Street and 3610 N.E. Hancock Street.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1916== | ||
| + | Hart attends summer school at Stanford School of Medicine.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref>"Summer School Students, 1916," Stanford University. Department of Medicine. Annual Announcements for 1917-18, p. 98 lists "Hart, A. Lucille, Actinography, Clinical Medicine, Portland, Ore."<ref>Stanford University registrar's office to Jonathan Ned Katz, Dec. 3, 1975; {{GAH}}, page ?</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1917== | ||
| + | Hart graduates from University of Oregon Medical School at the top of her class. Worked at the Amy Barton Dispensary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1918== | ||
| + | Hart consults Dr. J. Allen Gilbert, in Portland, Oregon, about a phobia -- a fear of loud noises. This results in Hart undergoing numbers of therapy sessions with Gilbert in which they discuss her sexual attraction and acts with women, and she prepares a chronological account of her life.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> | ||
| − | == | + | ==1918, February== |
| − | + | Hart marries Inez Stark in California, using the name Robert Allen Bamford, Jr.<ref>Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.</ref> | |
==1918, August== | ==1918, August== | ||
| − | Dr. Gilbert says of "H": "In August [1918] she [Hart] underwent a complete physical examination, with subsequent laparotomy in which the uterus was removed. After the operation she assumed male attire." The excision of the uterus is now generally referred to as a hysterectomy.<ref>Gilbert, "Homosexuality", page 317</ref> | + | Dr. Gilbert says of "H": "In August [1918] she [Hart] underwent a complete physical examination, with subsequent laparotomy in which the uterus was removed. After the operation she assumed male attire." (The excision of the uterus is now generally referred to as a hysterectomy.) As Gilbert describes it: "Her hair was cut, a complete male outfit was secured and having previously identified herself with the Red Cross, she made her exit as a female and started as a male with a new hold on life and ambitions worthy of her high degree and intellectuality." |
| + | <ref>Gilbert, "Homosexuality", page 317. Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Using the name Alan L., Hart begins a medical practice in Gardiner, Oregon, the setting, later, of Hart's first book, ''Dr. Mallory''. As Gilbert describes it: "She 'made good' in every way, until she was recognized by a former associate under the operation of that fanciful law of chance, which threw one of her former intimate associates across her tracks. Then the hounding process began which our modern social organization can carry on to such perfection and refinement against her own members."<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1919=1920, Autumn== | ||
| + | Hart practiced medicine in Southern Montana. "Did operations in barns and houses and spent my spare time reading medical journals. trying to learn what I hadn't been taught in medical school. . . . The crash of the autumn of 1920 wiped out most of the Montana farmers and stockmen, and me a1ong with them."<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
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:On Gilbert also see: [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv98852 Oregon Historical Society. "Guide to the J. Allen Gilbert Papers 1888-1990."] | :On Gilbert also see: [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv98852 Oregon Historical Society. "Guide to the J. Allen Gilbert Papers 1888-1990."] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==1921-1923== | ||
| + | Hart lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and does x-ray work at the Albuquerque sanitarium where "chest diagnosis fascinated me." Inez Stark leaves her marriage with Alan L. Hart in 1923.<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1924-1925== | ||
| + | Hart is divorced from Inez Stark. Hart attends summer school classes at the University of Oregon when he meets Edna Ruddick. "For the first time in eleven years [since ????] I had access to a decent library. . .and my old interest in literature flared up again." Alan L. Hart and Edna Ruddick are married in New York City. Hart does graduate work at the New York Postgraduate Hospital and at Saranac Lake, in New York State.<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1926-1928== | ||
| + | Alan L. Hart is employed at Sacred Heart Hospital in Spokane, Washington, doing chest and x=ray work. He conducts a chest clinic for the Idaho Tuberculouis Association and examined 7772 persons and made over 150 public addresses on health topics. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1928, September== | ||
| + | Alan L. Hart entered Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and was granted a fellowship at Henry Phipps Institute where he studied radiology.<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1929, October== | ||
| + | Hart finishes his studies at the University of Pennsylvania.<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1930== | ||
| + | Alan L. Hart receives his Masters of Science in Radiology from the University of Pennsylvania.<ref>Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1930-1932== | ||
| + | Hart takes a position as director of the x-ray Department at tacoma General Hospital. Hart wrote that this job "Folded up on me at the end of 1932" and that "During that time, had to spend all my energy on the job and did not write anything except medical stuff." | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==1933-1938== | ||
| + | Alan L and Edna Hart reside at 901 E. 43rd Street, Seattle, Washington. Alan is employed as a consultant with the Idaho tuberculosis Association. In 1935 he wrote: "Came to Seattel early in 1933. Have been doing only part-time medical work and have expected to starve ever since, but have not quite done so." | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | xxxxxxxx | ||
==1962, July 4== | ==1962, July 4== | ||
Revision as of 19:24, 22 April 2012
A chronology of the life, work, and comment on Alberta Lucille Hart/Allan Hart
Building on the research of the late Brian Booth, OutHistory hopes to inspire new research into the evidence that reveals the life of an amazing individual.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
See also:
J. Allen Gilbert: "Homosexuality and Its Treatment," October 1920
1890, October 4
Alberta Lucille Hart born in Hall’s Summit, Kansas, the only child of Albert and Edna Bamford Hart.[1]
1892
Albert Hart dies following a typhoid fever epidemic. Edna Hart and Alberta move to Linn County, Oregon, where Edna's family had lived since 1861. They first live on the farm of Edna's parents, the Bamfords.[2]
1894
"First public appearance at 4 years, no fear at all."[3]
1895
Edna Bamford Hart marries Bill Barton and after a brief period the family moves back to live on the Bamford's farm.[4]
1896
Alberta Lucile is very close to her grandfather Bamford and later writes that "my grandfather, who was an ardent Single Taxer, read a loud to me from his books on economics and politics, and I began to take some interest in his subjects about about the age of six [1896]. He was an active worker of a farm and irregularly attended an ungraded school until age 12."<source?>[5]
1902
The family moves to Albany, Oregon, and Alberta Lucille enters the seventh grade.[6]
1908
Alberta Lucille attends Albany High School and is active in debating, student government, and writing for the school paper.[7]
1908-1910
Alberta Lucille attends Albany College (now Lewis & Clark College) and is active in debate, writing, tennis, photography, and other activities.[8]
1911
The Takenah, the Albany College yearbook (Albany, Ore.: Albany College, 1911), includes three photographs and several written references to Lucille Hart. A brief description of Hart and two photos, one as a member of the junior class, the other a baby picture, are on p. 18-19 of The Takenah.
- A description of the junior class (p. 20) says that it had dwindled from seventeen "Freshmen" to three "Juniors," all women: "[Lucille] Hart, [Eva] Cushman, [Katherine] Stuart." These women include "the most graceful dancer, the most expert mandolinist, and the finest soprano soloist in the college." Hart is said to preside over all the class meetings. "They have also decided--as a part of their duty to the world and the rising generation--to discard all rats and artificial puffs, and to adopt the dress-reform style of clothing. They have not yet worn their new costumes in public, though they contemplate doing so soon."
- Page 51 presents a photograph of the "Editorial Staff" of The Takenah, including Lucille Hart and Eva Cushman.
- Dr. Gilbert's report mentions that "H" was active at Albany College as an oratorical debator, a manager of the "College Annual," and as a leader of the Women's Mandolin Club. Dr. Gilbert's report describes "H's" sexual-affectional liaison at Albany College with a young woman "classmate" whose initials are given as "E.C." This is no doubt the Eva Cushman whose pictures and description appear in The Takenah (pages, 18-19, 20, 51).
1911-1912
Hart transfers to Stanford University as a Junior. Eva Cushman, moves with her from Albany College. Hart receives high marks in pre-med coursework. Hart is active on campus and maintains a guarded love affair with her roommate, Eva Cushman.[9]
Hart was in attendance at Stanford University during the first and second semesters of the academic year 1911-12. The Leland Stanford Junior University: Twenty-first Annual Register; 1911-12 ([Stanfold], Calif.: Published by the University, ?? , p. 26) lists Alberta Lucille Hart, from Albany, Ore., as registered for Physiology 66, and living at 2 Roble (a dormitory) .[10]
1912
Hart moves back to Albany, Oregon, and graduates from Albany College.[11]
1913
Enters University of Oregon Medical College, then located in N.W. West 23rd and Lovejoy Street in Portland. Is the only woman in her class. During medical school Hart lives in apartment buildings at N.W. 21st Street between Flanders and Glisan, the Rex Arms Apartments at S.E. 1th and Morrison, and at boarding houses at 2265 N.W. Hoyt Street and 3610 N.E. Hancock Street.[12]
1916
Hart attends summer school at Stanford School of Medicine.[13]"Summer School Students, 1916," Stanford University. Department of Medicine. Annual Announcements for 1917-18, p. 98 lists "Hart, A. Lucille, Actinography, Clinical Medicine, Portland, Ore."[14]
1917
Hart graduates from University of Oregon Medical School at the top of her class. Worked at the Amy Barton Dispensary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[15]
1918
Hart consults Dr. J. Allen Gilbert, in Portland, Oregon, about a phobia -- a fear of loud noises. This results in Hart undergoing numbers of therapy sessions with Gilbert in which they discuss her sexual attraction and acts with women, and she prepares a chronological account of her life.[16]
1918, February
Hart marries Inez Stark in California, using the name Robert Allen Bamford, Jr.[17]
1918, August
Dr. Gilbert says of "H": "In August [1918] she [Hart] underwent a complete physical examination, with subsequent laparotomy in which the uterus was removed. After the operation she assumed male attire." (The excision of the uterus is now generally referred to as a hysterectomy.) As Gilbert describes it: "Her hair was cut, a complete male outfit was secured and having previously identified herself with the Red Cross, she made her exit as a female and started as a male with a new hold on life and ambitions worthy of her high degree and intellectuality." [18]
Using the name Alan L., Hart begins a medical practice in Gardiner, Oregon, the setting, later, of Hart's first book, Dr. Mallory. As Gilbert describes it: "She 'made good' in every way, until she was recognized by a former associate under the operation of that fanciful law of chance, which threw one of her former intimate associates across her tracks. Then the hounding process began which our modern social organization can carry on to such perfection and refinement against her own members."[19]
1919=1920, Autumn
Hart practiced medicine in Southern Montana. "Did operations in barns and houses and spent my spare time reading medical journals. trying to learn what I hadn't been taught in medical school. . . . The crash of the autumn of 1920 wiped out most of the Montana farmers and stockmen, and me a1ong with them."[20]
1920, October
- For the original article see Gilbert, J. Allan. "Homo-Sexuality and Its Treatment." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2:4 (Oct. 1920), 297-332.
- On Gilbert also see: Oregon Historical Society. "Guide to the J. Allen Gilbert Papers 1888-1990."
1921-1923
Hart lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and does x-ray work at the Albuquerque sanitarium where "chest diagnosis fascinated me." Inez Stark leaves her marriage with Alan L. Hart in 1923.[21]
1924-1925
Hart is divorced from Inez Stark. Hart attends summer school classes at the University of Oregon when he meets Edna Ruddick. "For the first time in eleven years [since ????] I had access to a decent library. . .and my old interest in literature flared up again." Alan L. Hart and Edna Ruddick are married in New York City. Hart does graduate work at the New York Postgraduate Hospital and at Saranac Lake, in New York State.[22]
1926-1928
Alan L. Hart is employed at Sacred Heart Hospital in Spokane, Washington, doing chest and x=ray work. He conducts a chest clinic for the Idaho Tuberculouis Association and examined 7772 persons and made over 150 public addresses on health topics.
1928, September
Alan L. Hart entered Graduate School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and was granted a fellowship at Henry Phipps Institute where he studied radiology.[23]
1929, October
Hart finishes his studies at the University of Pennsylvania.[24]
1930
Alan L. Hart receives his Masters of Science in Radiology from the University of Pennsylvania.[25]
1930-1932
Hart takes a position as director of the x-ray Department at tacoma General Hospital. Hart wrote that this job "Folded up on me at the end of 1932" and that "During that time, had to spend all my energy on the job and did not write anything except medical stuff."
1933-1938
Alan L and Edna Hart reside at 901 E. 43rd Street, Seattle, Washington. Alan is employed as a consultant with the Idaho tuberculosis Association. In 1935 he wrote: "Came to Seattel early in 1933. Have been doing only part-time medical work and have expected to starve ever since, but have not quite done so."
xxxxxxxx
1962, July 4
Hart dies.
1975, December 3
A letter to Jonathan Ned Katz from the Stanford University registrar's office dated Dec. 3, 1975, verifies that Alberta Lucille Hart was born on Oct. 4, but not in 1892, the year given in Gilbert's article. She was in attendance at Stanford University during the first and second semesters of the academic year 1911-12.
1976, December 1
Thomas Y. Crowell Company publishes Jonathan [Ned] Katz's Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S. A., with a section discussing J. Allen Gilbert: "Homosexuality and Its Treatment," October 1920. Katz's research revealed that the subject of Gilbert's article, called "H", was Alberta Lucille Hart. Katz's interpretation of Hart's life tries to claim her as a "lesbian", an interpretation he lated rejected in favor of understanding Hart as Hart understood her/himself at different times in her/his life.[26]
1978, October
Avon Books republishes Katz's Gay American History in a mass market paperback edition.[27]
1983, July
Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay/Lesbian Almanac (NY: Harper & Row, 1983). Includes a section on Hart publishing books as Alan Hart. Katz again claims Hart as "lesbian".[28]
1990, October 6
Bair, Henry. "Lucille Hart Story" and Brian Booth "Alan Hart: A Literary Footnote", in Right to Privacy Ninth Annual Lucille Hart Dinner Booklet (October 6, 1990).
1993, September
Lauderdale, Thomas M. and Tom Cook. "The Incredible Life and Loves of the Legendary Lucille Hart." [Portland, Ore.] Alternative Connection 2:12 (Sep. 1993).
1994, July-October
In 1994, the story of Alberta Lucille Hart and Eva Cushman's attendance at Stanford University, along with a brief description of their subsequent lives, was included in the historical exhibition "Coming to Terms: Passionate Friendship to Gay Liberation on the Farm" at Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford. The exhibition was curated by independent scholar Gerard Koskovich; it ran from July through October 1994 and was the subject of a feature article in the Stanford Daily. Note that "the farm" in the exhibition title is a nickname for the Stanford campus.
1995, January 1
Plume republishes Katz's Gay American History" in a revised (new introduction) paperback edition. [29]
1996, July 14
Bates, Tom. "Decades Ago, An Oregon Doctor Tried to Redefine Gender." Oregonian. July 14, 1996.
1999
Booth, Brian. "Introduction, Bibliography, and Chronology" copyright 1999 by Brian Booth, published in The Life and Career of Alberta Lucille/Dr. Alan L. Hart with Collected Early Writings. Portland, Ore.: Lewis & Clark College, February 2003. Online as a pdf[30]
2000
Brian Booth, text. "Alberta Lucille Hart / Dr. Alan L. Hart: An Oregon 'Pioneer'". Presentation by Brian Booth and Thomas Lauderdale. to the Oregon Cultural Heritage Commission, for its Discovering Oregon Originals '99 series.
2002
Exhibit on Hart at Lewis and Clark University (formerly Albany College). <add more detail and cite>
2003, February
Booth, Brian. "Introduction, Bibliography, and Chronology". Copyright 1999 by Brian Booth. Published in The Life and Career of Alberta Lucille/Dr. Alan L. Hart with Collected Early Writings. Portland, Ore.: Lewis & Clark College, February 2003. Online as a pdf[31]
2004, April-May
Hart and Cushman's story was featured in a second historical exhibition at Stanford University: "Creating Queer Space at Stanford: Pages From a Student Scrapbook," which was on display in April and May 2004 in the second floor lobby of Tresidder Memorial Union on the Stanford campus. The exhibition was curated by independent scholar Gerard Koskovich, with Stanford undergraduate Hunter Hargraves serving as associate curator.
2009-2012
2008, October 29
Petra H begins Wikipedia entry on Alan L. Hart. A note on Wikipedia says that this was "Re-written from the notes and essays on Hart collected by Petra H. over several years. Where now available on-line sources have been sought as references."
2009, December 3
Koskovich, Gerard. "Gay at Stanford: Past, Present and Future" (panel discussion sponsored by the Stanford Historical Society at Stanford University, Dec. 3, 2009). Koskovich was one of three presenters; his talk mentions Hart as a forbear of the transgender rights movement. A podcast of the panel is available on the Stanford Historical Society website.
Notes
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Gilbert, "Homosexuality", page ?
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Stanford University registrar's office to Jonathan Ned Katz, Dec. 3, 1975; Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), page ?
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Stanford University registrar's office to Jonathan Ned Katz, Dec. 3, 1975; Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), page ?
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Booth, "Introduction" (1999), page 9.
- ↑ Gilbert, "Homosexuality", page 317. Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ Booth, "Chronology" (1999), page 10.
- ↑ ISBN-10: 0690011644. ISBN-13: 978-0690011647
- ↑ ISBN-10: 0380405504. ISBN-13: 978-0380405503.
- ↑ ISBN-10: 0060909668. ISBN-13: 978-0060909666
- ↑ ISBN-10: 0452010926. ISBN-13: 978-0452010925
- ↑ Accessed April 21, 2012
- ↑ Accessed April 21, 2012
