F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 2

Continued from: F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 1

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1950

1950, February 3

Photo, Hoover and Tolson, etc. Original caption: FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover (right) was reported to have told Senators today that Dr. Fuchs has confessed to giving Russia vital information on assembly of the atomic bomb and some data on the supersecret hydrogen weapon. He is shown talking to reporters after a 3-hour session with a Senate Appropriations Subcommittee. In the center is Clyde Tolson, Associate Director of the FBI. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U928885ACME

1951

"Sex Deviates progam"

Potter "Queer" (2006): "In 1951, at the request of several federal agencies, Hoover devised the Sex Deviates program, which sought to identify gays and lesbians working in government. This function was expanded in 1953 after a presidential order by Dwight Eisenhower made federal employment of homosexuals illegal".

Theoharis, Sex (1995): "In 1951 he [Hoover] had unilaterally instituted a Sex Deviates program to purge alleged homosexuals from any position in the federal government, from the lowliest clerk to the more powerful position of White house aide."

1952

"one of 'the two best known homosexuals in the state' "

"In 1952, . . . a memo [in the FBI's files] noted that Gov. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, the Democratic Presidential nominee, was one of "the two best known homosexuals in the state." It hardly mattered to Hoover that the informant was a college basketball player under indictment for fixing a game or that his evidence was based only on rumor. What did matter was that Stevenson had spoken out against loyalty oaths, criticized Joe McCarthy, and vetoed a bill that would outlaw the Communist Party in Illinois." [New paragraph.] The Crime Records Division of the F.B.I. leaked the homosexual charge to selected members of the press. Rumors flew wildly across the Presidential campaign.

1952, December

Arthur H. Vandenberg Jr.

Dudly Clendinen writes:

Just before Christmas in 1952, J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the F.B.I., let President Dwight D. Eisenhower know that the man Eisenhower had appointed as secretary to the president, his friend and chief of staff, my godfather, Arthur H. Vandenberg Jr., was a homosexual. See also: 1956, late.

1953

Executive Order 10450

The FBI's Sex Deviates program "was expanded in 1953 after a presidential order by Dwight Eisenhower made federal employment of homosexuals illegal." Eisenhower issued Executive Order 10450, which mandated the firing of any federal employees guilty of “sexual perversion.”

1953-1970s

FBI: Files on Surveillance of Homosexual Groups. As catalogued by the National Museum of LGBT History at the LGBT Center, New York City.

Charles E. Bohlen

1953, February 27

President Dwight Eisenhower nominated Charles Bohlen as United States ambassador to the Soviet Union. Conservative Republicans opposed Bohlen.

On March 17, 1953, Hoover met with Secretary of State John Foster Dulless and CIA Director Allen Dulles and recommended against Bohlen's appointment. Hoover said there "was no direct evidence" of Bohlen's homosexuality, but "it was a fact that several of his closest friends and intimate associates were known homosexuals."

On March 18, 1993, Senator Joseph McCarthy phoned Hoover to ask what the FBI director knew about Bohlen. McCarthy asked asked Hoover if Bohlen was a homosexual. Hoover said he didn't know, but that Bohlen "is associating with individuals of that type."

The FBI's information about Bohlen came from interviews with three of Bohlen's State Department associates. One woman, for example, told the FBI that Bohlen's "manner of speech indicated effeminacy and she is of definite belief he has strong homosexual tendencies." She said that Bohlen "walks, acts and talks like a homosexual." She based her assessment on "considerable reading in abnormal psychology". She said that she "has met many homosexuals and claims she is able . . . to discern homosexual tendencies in individuals." A second FBI source, a State Department security officer, said that the State Department's index cards on "suspected homosexuals" included one saying "that Bohlen was associating with sexual perverts." A third source said "an admitted homosexual gave Bohlen as a reference in a Government application."

1953, November 17

Photo, Hoover and Tolson. Original caption: FBI Chief J. Edgar Hoover is shown as he told a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee today that he was notified in February 1947, that Harry Dexter White was being retained in an important international post, so he could be kept under surveillance. He said that his source of information was Tom C. Clark, then Attorney General. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U772154INP

1954, May 22

Photo, Hoover and Tolson: Original caption: FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover (right) and his assistant Clyde Tolson, at Pilmico Race Track, MD. for running of preakness. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U1057939. Date Photographed: May 22, 1954.

1954, October 22

"The FBI did not restrict its interest in sexual behavior to government employees. On the explicit instructions of Hoover, it 'confidentially made available to George Washington University information concerning sex deviates or Communists employed as teachers there.' It did the same at New York University where it 'confidentially adivsed a contact at the University as to sex deviate practices of an instructor.'"

1955, March

Hoover, J. Edgar Hoover. "How Safe Is Your Youngster?" The American Magazine (March 1955), 19, 99-101.

1956, late

According to Dudley Clendinin, late in 1956, Confidential, "a smut and scandal tabloid probably fed by the F.B.I., published a lurid exposé" about Arthur Vandenberg, Jr. After this, President Eisenhower cut his contacts with Vandenberg, who also resigned from his university job. On January 18, 1968, Vandenberg died at the age of 60, probably a suicide. See also: 1952, December.

1958

Florida Legislative Committee ("The Johns Committee")

The Johns Committee begun interrogating suspected homosexuals among students and faculty on Florida campuses before the Legislature gave specific authorization for the investigation of homosexuals. In 1958, committee chairman Johns illegally sent a covert investigator to the University of Florida after his son, Jerome Johns, told his father that "effeminate instructors had perverted the curriculum." See also: 1961, Florida.Research Request: FBI connection to this investigation? Files?

1958

Rosenstiel's account: According to a strongly contested account in Anthony Summers' biography of Hoover published in 1993, Susan Rosenstiel said she attended two parties in 1958, at the Plaza Hotel, in New York at which J. Edgar Hoover was dressed as a woman and had sex with men. See 1993.

1960

1961 Florida Legislative Committee ("The Johns Committee")

In 1961, the Legislature directed the Johns Committee to broaden its investigations to include homosexuals and the "extent of [their] infiltration into agencies supported by state funds," particularly at state colleges and universities such as the University of Florida, Florida State University, and the University of South Florida. Having the power to subpoena witnesses, take sworn testimony, and employ secret informants, the committee spread terror among the closeted lesbian and gay population in state colleges, often using uniformed policemen to pull students and professors out of classes for interrogation.[5] All homosexual acts were crimes under Florida law at that time and remained so until the United States Supreme Court's Lawrence v. Texas ruling in 2003.[6] Admission of homosexuality constituted moral turpitude and was grounds for firing or expulsion from college. Research Request: FBI connection? FBI files? See also: 1958: Florida

1964

Cook, Fred. The FBI Nobody Knows 1964

Hoover and Tolson?

1964, October 7

Walter Wilson Jenkins arrest

On October 7, a month before the 1964 presidential election on November 3, District of Columbia Police arrested Walter Wilson Jenkins in a YMCA restroom. He and another man were booked on a disorderly conduct charge. This incident has been described as "perhaps the most famous tearoom arrest in America." Jenkins paid a $50 fine. Rumors of the incident circulated for several days and Republican Party operatives helped to promote it to the press. Some newspapers, including the Chicago Tribune and the Cincinnati Enquirer, refused to run the story. Journalists quickly learned that Jenkins had been arrested on a similar charge in 1959. This earlier arrest made it much harder to explain away the later one as the result of overwork or, as one journalist wrote, "combat fatigue." On October 14, a Washington Star editor called the White House for Jenkins' comment on a story it was preparing. Jenkins turned to White House lawyers Abe Fortas, the President's personal lawyer, and Clark Clifford, who unofficially was filling the role of White House Counsel. They immediately lobbied the editors of Washington's 3 newspapers not to run the story, which only confirmed its significance. Within hours Clifford detailed the evidence to the President and press secretary George Reedy, "openly weeping," confirmed the story to reporters. Probably forewarned, Johnson told Fortas that Jenkins needed to resign. Anticipating the charge that Jenkins might have been blackmailed, Johnson immediately ordered an FBI investigation. He knew that J. Edgar Hoover would have to clear the administration of any security problem because the FBI itself would otherwise be at fault for failing to investigate Jenkins properly years before. Hoover reported on October 22 that security had not been compromised. Johnson later said: "I couldn't have been more shocked about Walter Jenkins if I'd heard that Lady Bird had tried to kill the Pope." Johnson also fed conspiracy theories that Jenkins had been framed. He claimed that before his arrest Jenkins had attended a cocktail party where the waiters came from the Republican National Committee, though the party was hosted by Newsweek to celebrate the opening of its new offices. The Star printed the story and UPI transmitted its version on October 14, and Jenkins resigned the same day. As Anthony Summers points out in his book, Official and Confidential: "J. Edgar Hoover's public attitude on homosexuality was normally at least condemnatory, often cruel. On this occasion, however, he visited Jenkins in the hospital and sent him flowers."

1964, November 1-2

Just before Election Day on November 3, rumors circulated that the GOP would reveal that a member of the cabinet was a closeted homosexual. On a recorded telephone call with the Lyndon Baines Johnson , FBI director J. Edgar Hoover assured LBJ that the rumors were groundless.

President Johnson: No, I read that. What they said was that—they raised the question of the way he [an unidentified cabinet aide] combed his hair, or the way he did something else, but they had no act of his, or he had done nothing—

J. Edgar Hoover: No. It was just the suspicion that his mannerisms and so forth were such that they were suspicious.

President Johnson: Yeah. He [Jenkins] worked for me for four or five years, but he wasn’t even suspicious to me.

But I guess you’re going to have to teach me something about this stuff!

Hoover: Well, you know, I often wonder what the next crisis is going to be. [Pause.]

President Johnson: I’ll swear I can’t recognize them. I don’t know anything about it.

Hoover: It’s a thing that you just can’t tell. Sometimes, just like in the case of this poor fellow Jenkins . . .

President Johnson: Yes.

Hoover: [continuing] There was no indication in any way.

President Johnson: No.

Hoover: [continuing] And I knew him pretty well, and [FBI White House liaison Deke] DeLoach did also, and there was no suspicion, no indication. There are some people who walk kind of funny and so forth, that you might kind of think are little bit off, or maybe queer. But there was no indication of that in Jenkins’ case.

President Johnson: That’s right. [Break.]

Hoover: So far, I haven’t been able to get any more detail than was given to me yesterday, namely that this man [the alleged closeted homosexual] was a cabinet officer, and will be exposed today.

Now, I thought of all the cabinet officers that we have—and whom I don’t know personally—but there are none of them that raise any suspicion in my mind.

President Johnson: None in mine.

Jack Valenti

1964, November 17 A letter dated November 17, 1964, to Bill D. Moyers, the Special Assistant to the U.S. President, claimed that Jack Joseph Valenti had had an "association" with a photographer in California who was alleged to be homosexual. Moyers sent a copy of the letter to the FBI to see if it had any relevant information. and the FBI wrote back to Moyers on December 2, 1964. It reported that the allegations against Valenti were not substantiated by an FBI interview with someone who knew him (possibly, the photographer -- the name is deleted).

1965

Rock Hudson

Life magazine. On Rock Hudson's FBI file:

A 1965 memo "recommends Los Angeles to be authorized to interview movie actor Rock Hudson." Why, exactly? Much of the memo is blacked out, but one uncensored line offers a hint at the reason: "Los Angeles has advised that it is general common knowledge in motion picture industry that Hudson is suspected of having homosexual tendencies." Four years later [1969?], when it was reported that Hudson was to star as an FBI man in a planned (but apparently never made) movie called The Seven File, a memo again mentions the allegations that he was gay. "The Los Angeles Office has been instructed to remain alert concerning all developments."

1965, September 19

Blackmail organization

Inman, Richard, a homophile activist battling police extortion of homosexuals in South Florida writes to Mattachine-Washington co-founder Jack Nichols [who is using pseudonym Warren Adkins), stating that he knows via a friend inside the FBI that there was one "boss man of the syndicate's homo shakedown detail for the whole of the U.S." See 1965, August 5; 1966, August 17.

1965, August 5

"DETECTIVE AT HOTEL IS HELD IN EXTORTION". New York Times, August 5, 1965.

A 39-year-old house detective [Edward Murphy] at the New York Hilton was arrested early yesterday as the leader of a gang that had extorted a total of $100,000 from "rich playboys and executives." "The case broke, the police said, with the arrest on March 14 [1965] of John Aitken" for impersonating an officer. On July 25 [1965] William Burke was arrested for impersonating an officer.

Carter, Stonewall (June 2004) suggests that Murphy headed a national blackmail operation that had or knew of evidence against Hoover and Tolson.

The last article in the Times that mentions Edward Murphy is: Roth, Jack. "NINE SEIZED HERE; Hogan Says Gang Preyed on Homosexuals and Others". New York Times, February 18, 1966.

Nine members of a nationwide ring that included bogus policemen who preyed primarily on homosexuals to extort money on threats of arrest were taken into custody here yesterday . . . ."

Among the defendants in custody was "Edward Murphy, 41 years old, of 167 Christopher Street, a former hotel security guard . . . ."

1966, August 17

"Blackmailer [John Felebaum] Gets Five Years in Homosexual Case". New York Times, August 17, 1966.

"Assistant United States Attorney Andrew J. Maloney said one of the ring's victims had committed suicide after being interviewed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He did not identify the victim."

1968 ="homosexual activity 'at the highest levels of the White House staff'"

Shortly after Richard Nixon's election victory in 1968, he ordered an adviser, John Ehrlichman, to establish immediate White House contact with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Ehrlichman phoned J. Edgar Hoover, the bureau's legendary Director, who invited him to his office. Bored by Hoover's conversation, Ehrlichman wondered how anyone could take this man seriously. "A few weeks later, Hoover phoned the President. There were rumors, he said, about homosexual activity "at the highest levels of the White House staff." They came from a bureau informant, who had mentioned Ehrlichman. Of course, the F.B.I. would check out these rumors if the President so ordered. He did. The rumors proved false. But Hoover had sent his calling card. Mr. Ehrlichman would not take him lightly again."

1968

The Homosexual Handbook, published in 1968, has a last chapter titled "Uncle Fudge's List of Practical Homosexuals Past and Present . . . ." That includes the name of J. Edgar Hoover on page 267.

Carter, in Stonewall (June 2004), says that "After the book appeared, pressure from the FBI caused it to be withdrawn." The publisher soon reissued the book, but without Hoover's name.

1969, June 11

H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, Dwight Chapin Accused

Theoharis, Sex reports: Jack Anderson, Drew Pearson's collaborator on a gossip column met on this date with FBI Assistant Director Cartha DeLoach, head of the FBI's Crime Records Division. Anderson advised DeLoach on the rumors that three high-level Nixon aides were homosexuals. The aides were Haldeman, Ehrlichman and Chapin. Another White House aide had provided the information. Anderson and Pearson were looking for more information from the FBI before the columnists publicized the rumor. DeLoach briefed Hoover on the meeting with Anderson. Hoover briefed Nixon, Attorney General John Mitchell and H.R. Haldeman of the allegations. He suggested that the FBI take sworn statements from the three accused. Hoover expressed his own "outrage and disgust" over Anderson's and Pearson's desire to spread such rumors, and the columnists practice whereby through the circulation of "innuendo they were able to establish [rumor] as fact." See 1969, June 24.

1969, June 24

"homosexual parties"

Potter. "Queer" (2006): "President Nixon’s aide H. R. Haldeman noted in his diary of June 24, 1969: “Hoover . . . reported to [Attorney General John] Mitchell that columnist Drew Pearson had a report that [John] Erlichman, [Dwight] Chapin, and I had attended homosexual parties at a local Washington hotel. Pearson was checking before running the story . . . [and so] at Mitchell’s suggestion, we agreed to be deposed by the FBI to clear this up.”

1960s, late

"It is possible that the first published allegation of Hoover’s homosexuality appeared in the late 1960s in Al Goldstein’s sex tabloid, Screw" See 1974.

1970

1970, January 1

Life Magazine. Caption: "(L-R) FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover and his asst. Clyde Tolson looking at menus in the Mayflower Hotel where they lunched together each workday for 40 years." [Looking pained; identical pepper grinders; identical suits.] Time Life Pictures/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Jan 01, 1970.

1971, October 19

Jack Nelson

“I emphatically deny that I have at any time under any circumstances ever said or remotely suggested that Mr. Hoover was a homosexual,” [reporter Jack] Nelson wrote [to Hoover] on Oct. 19, 1971.

1972, May 4

Photo: Original caption:Clyde A. Tolson, Associate Director of the FBI, is helped to his car, after attending burial of his life-long friend, J. Edgar Hoover, in the Congressional Cemetery. Shortly thereafter, Tolson submitted his resignation, citing "ill health." Tolson is a native of Laredo, Montana. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U1738097. Date Photographed: May 4, 1972

1974 In an article asking "Is J. Edgar Hoover a Fag?" Al Goldstein, in Screw magazine, took on the FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover in print. Goldstein soon had to face charges in Kansas. FULL RELIABLE CITATION?

1975

"revelations, in the 1975 Senate investigations led by Frank Church of Idaho, that the CIA and FBI had been engaged in long-term intelligence gathering operations against its own citizens and domestic political groups"

1975, May

[Obituary of Clyde Tolson.] "In Memorium". "Gay Scene: National Homophile Monthly. Volume 5, No. 12, May 1975.

1976, November 23

The Associated Press reports that a substantial number of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's "Official and Confidential" files dealt with allegations that certain politians, prominent figures, and govenrment employees were homosexual. The files also contained memorandums to Hoover informing him of people who had charged that he was homosexual.

1977

Cohen, Larry. The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover. Film directed by Larry Cohen.

1977

"Sex Deviate" files destroyed

"In 1977, Bureau officials added more gaps to the paper trail by destroying the 300,000 pages in the "Sex Deviate Program."

1977, March

The March 1977 issue of the Gay Activist Alliance publication the Gay Activist is devoted to FBI spying on the group, includes some files received under the Freedom of Information Act.

Lead article "FBI ADMITS SPYING ON GAA" ("As the much-touted Bicentennial drew to a close, the Gay Activists Alliance received documents under the Freedom of Information Act proving that the FBI has spied on it");

Facsimile copies of five documents on the Gay Activist Alliance received under the Freedom of Information Act;

Excerpt from GAA's letter to the Attorney General appealing the FBI's partial release of documents pertaining to GAA, along with a 32-item list of documents demanded by GAA from the FBI (beginning with "The formation of GAA in December 1969");

Side bar on J. Edgar Hoover (with illustrative caricature: "The Associated Press reported Nov. 23, 1976, that a substantial number of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's 'official and confidential' files dealt with allegations that certain politicians, figures, and government employees were homosexual. The files also contained memorandums to Hoover informing him of people who at various times charged that he was homosexual." Includes: "A striking example of a pig fairy in a high place actively working as an enemy of his own kind, and in return being accepted and much appreciated by the heterosexist establishment..."

1978

Powers, Richard Gid, “One G-Man’s Family: Popular Entertainment Formulas and J. Edgar Hoover’s F.B.I.,” American Quarterly 30, no. 4 (1978): 471–92.

1978, May

Bell, Arthur. "Skull Murphy: The Gay Double Agent". Village Voice May 1978, pages 1, 17-19.

Bell, page 17.

Ed Murphy says in an interview with Bell that he (Murphy) started informing undercover for the FBI in 1965 about a national ring blackmailing homosexuals. Murphy says that J. Edgar Hoover "was one of my sisters. He was the biggest fuckin' extortionist in this country. He had presidents by the balls. He had a record on everybody and his brother." He adds: "Every thing I know [about mobsters] is on file at certain law enforcement agencies for certain people who are doing investigations."

Bell, page 19.

My double agent days started in '66 with the extortion ring. It was supposed to be a one-shot deal. We locked up 21 guys. They're all dead now, except three of them."

Carter says that Murphy says that the Mafia had photographs of Hoover involved in sex acts. Photographs are not mentioned in the Bell interview--JNK

Next: F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 3

See also:

F.B.I. and Homosexuality: A History MAIN PAGE

F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Bibliography

F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology, Part 1

F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Persons and Groups Investigated