F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Chronology

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F.B.I. and Homosexuality: Persons and Groups Investigated


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Chronology on the F.B.I. and Homosexuality

1910

1919, August 1

On August 1, 1919, Palmer put 24-year-old J. Edgar Hoover in charge of a new division of the Justice Department's Bureau of Investigation, the General Intelligence Division. It would investigate the programs of radical groups and identify their members.[1]


1919, November 7

On November 7, 1919, a date chosen because it was the second anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution, agents of the Bureau of Investigation, together with local police, executed a series of well-publicized and violent raids against the Russian Workers in 12 cities. The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.[2]


1920

1920, February

A. Mitchell Palmer, in his journal article The Case Against the Reds (1920), included in a list of those he opposed as "reds": the International Workers of the World, "the most radical socialists, the misguided anarchists, the agitators who oppose the limitations of unionism, the moral perverts and the hysterical neurasthenic women who abound in communism."[3]


1921

By 1921 Hoover had set up an index system listing virtually every radical leader and organization in the United States, an index that contained upward of 400,000 names.[4]


1928, April 2

Tolson first joins FBI.


1929, July 31

Hoover makes Tolson head of Buffalo, NY, office of FBI


1930

1930, August 16

Tolson named assistant director of FBI for Personnel and Administration.


DATE?

Hoover creates for Tolson the new post of assistant to the director of the FBI.


1933, August 19

Ray Tucker, Collier's magazine Washington D.C. Bureau Chief writes in an article about the FBI:
In appearance Mr. Hoover looks utterly unlike the story-book sleuth. He is short, fat, businesslike, and walks with a mincing step . . . He dresses fastidiously, with Eleanor blue as the favorite colour for the matched shades of tie, handkerchief and socks. A little pompous, he rides in a limousine even if only to a nearby self-service cafeteria . . .. "[5] For a use of the term "mincing" in association with homosexuality OutHistory.org provides a reference from 1965. Curt Gentry continues: "Less than two weeks after the Collier's article appeared, a Washington gossip columnist inquired if anyone had noticed that since the Tucker charge "the Hoover stride had grown longer and more vigorous".[6]


1935, June 10

Photo: Original caption:6/10/1935-Washington, D.C.- J. Edgar Hoover (wearing hat), head of the Department of Justice, is pictured here attending the Frankie Klick-Tony Canzoneri fight. Hoover, pleased with the work of his "G Men" who broke the Weyerhauser kidnaping with two arrests, is pictured with Clyde A. Tolson (hat in lap), Assistant Director of the department. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: BE052352. Date Photographed: June 10, 1935


1935, November 19

Photo: Original caption:Clyde A. Tolson, assistant director, and John Edgar Hoover, director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: VV7769. Date Photographed: November 19, 1935


1936

Photo: Original caption:1936- J. Edgar Hoover (LEFT) and Clyde Tolson. [Identical hats and suits.] Corbis Images:


1936, July 12

Photo: FBI Officials Capture Alvin Karpis. (L-R) FBI officials W.R. Galvin, E.J. Connelley, Director J. Edgar Hoover, Clyde Tolson and Dwight Brantley participated in the apprehension of renowned criminal Alvin Karpis in New Orleans. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: 42-21707342. Date Photographed: July 12, 1936


1936, August 18

Photo:. Caption: J. Edgar Hoover (r) and Clyde A.Tolson watch the Louis - Sharkey fight on August 18, 1936, New York, New York. Corbis Images:


1936, August 18

Photo: Original caption:J. Edgar Hoover, Chief G-Man (right) and his right-hand man, Clyde Tolson, snapped at ringside as they attended the Louis-Sharkey fight, at the Yankee Stadium in New York City, August 18.

Stock Photo ID: U360070ACME. Date Photographed: August 18, 1936


1938, June 6

Photo: Original caption:6/6/1938- FL: J. Edgar Hoover and aide (later presumed to be his lover) Clyde Tolson, to direct the hunt for the kidnapper of 5 year old James B. Cash, Jr. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: BE034390[7]


1938, December 15

Photo. Original caption: 12/15/1938-Miami Beach, FL: L to r Guy Hottell, special agent of FBI; J. Edgar Hoover, Chief of the F.B.I. and Clyde Tolson, Assistant to Hoover in pursuit in [of?] sunshine. Corbis Images:
Second version same photo shoot: Original caption:Miami, Florida: J. Edgar Hoover (center) combines business with pleasure on a recent trip to FL. He is shown with two of his Aides, Guy Hottell, (left) special agent of the Washington F.B.I. office, and Clyde Tolson (right), Hoover's assistant. Stock Photo ID: BE027691. Date Photographed: December 15, 1938


UNDATED

Photo: Clyde A. Tolson, J. Edgar Hoover, and friends (l to r) relax on the water. [Hoover's hand over Tolson's shoulder.]Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: NA013085


UNDATED

Photo: John Edgar Hoover and Clyde Tolson. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: 42-21707351. Date Photographed: Unknown


UNDATED

Photo [Fishing, shirts off/] J. Edgar Hoover relaxes with his friend Clyde A. Tolson. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: NA013089


1939

Photo: J. Edgar Hoover and his assistant Clyde Tolson sitting in beach lounge chairs. 1939 (publication date). Publication:Los Angeles Daily News.[8]


1940

1943

"FBI documents indicate that as early as 1943, agents under his [Hoover's] direction believed that Hoover was 'queer' and that his relationship with FBI official Clyde Tolson was homosexual in nature. Hoover attempted to suppress these rumors and kept his own private files on 'derogatory information' that named the culprits of such gossip.[9]


1950

1952

"In 1952, . . . a memo [in the FBI's files] noted that Gov. Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, the Democratic Presidential nominee, was one of "the two best known homosexuals in the state." It hardly mattered to Hoover that the informant was a college basketball player under indictment for fixing a game or that his evidence was based only on rumor. What did matter was that Stevenson had spoken out against loyalty oaths, criticized Joe McCarthy, and vetoed a bill that would outlaw the Communist Party in Illinois." [New paragraph.] The Crime Records Division of the F.B.I. leaked the homosexual charge to selected members of the press. Rumors flew wildly across the Presidential campaign. [10]


1954, May 22

Photo: Original caption:FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover (right) and his assistant Clyde Tolson, at Pilmico Race Track, MD. for running of preakness. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U1057939. Date Photographed: May 22, 1954


1960

1968

Shortly after Richard Nixon's election victory in 1968, he ordered an adviser, John Ehrlichman, to establish immediate White House contact with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Mr. Ehrlichman phoned J. Edgar Hoover, the bureau's legendary Director, who invited him to his office. Bored by Hoover's conversation, Ehrlichman wondered how anyone could take this man seriously. "A few weeks later, Hoover phoned the President. There were rumors, he said, about homosexual activity "at the highest levels of the White House staff." They came from a bureau informant, who had mentioned Ehrlichman. Of course, the F.B.I. would check out these rumors if the President so ordered. He did. The rumors proved false. But Hoover had sent his calling card. Mr. Ehrlichman would not take him lightly again."[11]


1970

1970, January 1

Life Magazine. Caption: "(L-R) FBI dir. J. Edgar Hoover and his asst. Clyde Tolson looking at menus in the Mayflower Hotel where they lunched together each workday for 40 years." [Looking pained; identical pepper grinders; identical suits.] Time Life Pictures/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images Jan 01, 1970.[12]


1971, October 18

“I emphatically deny that I have at any time under any circumstances ever said or remotely suggested that Mr. Hoover was a homosexual,” [reporter Jack] Nelson wrote [to Hoover] on Oct. 19, 1971.[13]


1972, May 4

Photo: Original caption:Clyde A. Tolson, Associate Director of the FBI, is helped to his car, after attending burial of his life-long friend, J. Edgar Hoover, in the Congressional Cemetery. Shortly thereafter, Tolson submitted his resignation, citing "ill health." Tolson is a native of Laredo, Montana. Corbis Images: Stock Photo ID: U1738097. Date Photographed: May 04, 1972


1977

The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover. Film directed by Larry Cohen.[14]


"In 1977, Bureau officials added more gaps to the paper trail by destroying the 300,000 pages in the "Sex Deviate Program."[15]


1980

1987 Powers, Richard Gid. SECRECY AND POWER The Life of J. Edgar Hoover. Illustrated. 624 pp. New York: The Free Press.

"Mr. Powers avoids preoccupation with the question of whether Hoover's 44-year close and daily association with the handsome Clyde Tolson was overtly homosexual; but he sketches the details of their working days and holidays together, and concludes that their relationship was spousal and so close, so enduring, and so affectionate that it took the place of marriage for both bachelors. To me it seems clear that sexual sublimation accounts in part for the astonishing and unwavering energy Hoover dedicated to the virtuous task he saw himself as privileged to perform - the creation of a great law enforcement agency."[16]


Morris, Norval. DIRECTOR OF ALL HE SURVEYED. [Review of Powers, Secrecy, 1987/] New York Times. March 8, 1987


1988

In "The Boss," published in 1988, John Stuart Cox and Athan Theoharis spoke of J. Edgar Hoover as "molded by a family life reminiscent of a Dickens novel. Yet they, too, portrayed him as a captive of his parochial culture -- a man of narrow interests and "homely tastes.[17]


1990

1990

Frank Buttino, a 20-year veteran FBI agent filed suit in 1990, challenging his dismissal as a security risk after he admitted being homosexual.[18]


1991

Gentry, Curt. J. EDGAR HOOVER: The Man and the Secrets. Illustrated. 846 pp. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991.


Theoharis, Athan, ed. SECRET FILES OF J. EDGAR HOOVER. 370 pp. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1991.


1991, September 15

Oshinsky, David M. "The Senior G-Man". New York Times, September 15, 1991


1993

Summers, Anthony. TITLE? .Says JEH was being blackmailed by organized crime, which had a photo of him committing a homosexual act.[19]


1998, November 9

Poveda, Tony, Richard Powers, Susan Rosenfeld and Athan G. Theoharis. The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide Published: (Nov 9, 1998). Search term: "homosexual": Frank Buttino, a 20-year veteran FBI agent filed suit in 1990, challenging his dismissal as a security risk after he admitted being homosexual, page 137.


2000

2010

2011, November 6

The longtime FBI director was convinced that [Los Angeles Times reporter Jack] Nelson planned to write that he was homosexual.[20]


Notes

  1. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_Raids
  2. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmer_Raids#Preparations
  3. ↑ A. Mitchell Palmer, "The Case Against the Reds," The Forum, A Magazine of Constructive Nationalism, vol. 68, no. 2, page 168.
  4. ↑ Oshinsky, David M. "The Senior G-Man". New York Times, September 15, 1991.
  5. ↑ CHECK FOR EXACT FULL QUOTE in COLLIERS. Gentry, Hoover, pages 158=159.
  6. ↑ Gentry, Hoover, CHECK EXACT QUOTE from ORIGINAL SOURCE. See notes 15 and 16
  7. ↑ This cannot be the original caption from 1938. If it is ......
  8. ↑ http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/dlib/lat/display.cfm?ms=uclalat_1387_b16_20733-1&searchType=subject&subjectID=213351 Source:Los Angeles Times photographic archive, UCLA Library. Author: Uncredited photographer for Los Angeles Daily News. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hoover_%26_Tolson.jpg
  9. ↑ Jennifer Terry, An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society (University of Chicago Press, 1999), page 350. ISBN 0-226-79366-4.
  10. ↑ David M. Oshinsky, "The Senior G-Man", New York Times, September 15, 1991.
  11. ↑ Oshinsky, David M. "The Senior G-Man". New York Times, September 15, 1991, citing Ehrlichman's memoirs.
  12. ↑ http://www.life.com/news-pictures/50613576/clyde-a-tolsonj-edgar-hoover
  13. ↑ http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/11/hoover_worried_lice-covered_ferret_journalist_would_report_he_was_gay.php
  14. ↑ Poveda and others (1998), page 291.
  15. ↑ David M. Oshinsky, "The Senior G-Man", New York Times, September 15, 1991.
  16. ↑ Morris, Norval. DIRECTOR OF ALL HE SURVEYED. [Review of Powers, Secrecy, 1987/] New York Times. March 8, 1987. Also see Oshinsky: "In 1987 the historian Richard Gid Powers provided a compelling portrait of the young Hoover in "Secrecy and Power." In his view, Hoover was a natural product of his environment: "Southern, white, Christian, small-town, turn-of-the-century Washington." His neighborhood was homogeneous -- and closed." Oshinsky, David M. "The Senior G-Man". New York Times, September 15, 1991.
  17. ↑ "Oshinsky, David M. "The Senior G-Man". New York Times, September 15, 1991.
  18. ↑ Poveda and others (1998), page 137.
  19. ↑ Poveda and others (1998), 122.
  20. ↑ http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-hoover-nelson-20111107,0,6943487,full.story


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