Difference between revisions of "1860-1869"

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=Timeline: 1860 through 1869=
 
=Timeline: 1860 through 1869=
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===1860===
 
===1860===
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1860, February 28
 
1860, February 28
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[[Louisville (Kentucky) Democrat: John Haskell arrested for “forcible sodomy”, February 28, 1860]]
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:[[Louisville (Kentucky) Democrat: John Haskell arrested for “forcible sodomy”, February 28, 1860]]
  
  
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1860, May 10
 
1860, May 10
 
:''Vanity Fair'' magazine publishes "Our  Agricultural Column: Crop Prospects for 1860", a parody of articles on crops that in this case actually speculates on the prospects of poetry and literature that year. This includes a section on "Calamus" and the statement: "an unusually active  market for Calamus is expected this season. The editors of ''Vanity Fair'' and Whitman's writer friends in New York apparently knew that in the new edition of his ''Leaves'' the poet would introduce  the  calamus as the primary symbol of intimacy between men.<ref>Robert Scholnick, "'An Unusually Active Market for Calamus': Whitman, Vanity Fair, and the Fate of Humor in a Time of War, 1860-1863", [http://ir.uiowa.edu/wwqr Walt Whitman Quarterly Review], Volume 19, Number 3 (Winter 2002) pages 148-181; the reference in question is on page 162.</ref>
 
:''Vanity Fair'' magazine publishes "Our  Agricultural Column: Crop Prospects for 1860", a parody of articles on crops that in this case actually speculates on the prospects of poetry and literature that year. This includes a section on "Calamus" and the statement: "an unusually active  market for Calamus is expected this season. The editors of ''Vanity Fair'' and Whitman's writer friends in New York apparently knew that in the new edition of his ''Leaves'' the poet would introduce  the  calamus as the primary symbol of intimacy between men.<ref>Robert Scholnick, "'An Unusually Active Market for Calamus': Whitman, Vanity Fair, and the Fate of Humor in a Time of War, 1860-1863", [http://ir.uiowa.edu/wwqr Walt Whitman Quarterly Review], Volume 19, Number 3 (Winter 2002) pages 148-181; the reference in question is on page 162.</ref>
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:The ''Vanity Fair'' article section titled "Calamus" opens: "There will be  a heavy crop of this health-giving root. We  observed its graceful blossoms in many a  meadow." This may possible contain a coded sexual reference for those in-the-know, suggesting that the writer had seen erotic acts, implicitly, of men with men, committed in multiple meadows.  
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::The ''Vanity Fair'' article section titled "Calamus" opens: "There will be  a heavy crop of this health-giving root. We  observed its graceful blossoms in many a  meadow." This may possibly contain a coded sexual reference for those in-the-know, suggesting that the writer had seen erotic acts, implicitly, of men with men, committed in multiple meadows.  
 
   
 
   
  
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===1861===
 
===1861===
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1861
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:When the Civil War begins this year, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker travels to Washington, D. C. See: [[Mary Edwards Walker: November 26, 1832-February 21, 1919]]
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1861, January
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:The memoir of General Morris Schaff, of the United States Army, recalls male-male dances at West Point Military Academy on the verge of the Civil War. See: [[U.S. Military Academy at West Point]]
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1861, April
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:Walt Whitman vows in his diary to initiate a new bodily regime: "to inaugurate for (myself) a  (pure) (perfect) sweeet, cleanblooded (robust) body by ignorning all drinks (but0 water and pure milk--and all fat meats [and] late suppers--[a] great body--purged
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1861, May
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:A New York State legal case, Lambertson v. People, appealed to and receives a verdict in the State's Supreme Court. It includes the terms "crime against nature," "buggery," "carnal knowledge" (man with man).<ref>(Sup. Ct. Gen. T.) 5 Park. Crim. (N.Y.) 200 (1861, May)</ref>
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1861, October - December
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:[[John William Sterling Journal: October - December 1861]]
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1861, October 30
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:On this date the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Nevada passed an act adopting the Common Law of England as Nevada's territorial law. Chapter 28, section 45, approved November 26, 1861, read, "The infamous crime against nature, either with man or beast, shall subject the offender to be punished by imprisonment in the Territorial prison for a term not less than five years, and which may extend to life." See: [[Senate Bill 466]]
  
  
 
===1862===
 
===1862===
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1862, January - June
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:[[John William Sterling Journal: January-June 1862]]
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1862, March 25
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:[[Ellen Eyre: to Walt Whitman, March 25, 1862]]<ref>Has the identity of Eyre been established by scholars? Could she have been a male impersonating a woman?</ref>
  
  
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1862, May 18
 
1862, May 18
 
:The ''Richmond'' [Virginia] ''Daily Dispatch'', in the Confederate capital, reports a large increase in "prostitutes of both sexes".<ref>Katz, ''Love Stories'', 134.</ref>  
 
:The ''Richmond'' [Virginia] ''Daily Dispatch'', in the Confederate capital, reports a large increase in "prostitutes of both sexes".<ref>Katz, ''Love Stories'', 134.</ref>  
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1862, July-December
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:[[John William Sterling Journal: July-December 1862]] UP TO HERE MAKING ENTRIES
  
  
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1863, winter
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1863, July 25
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:Fincher's Trades Review: An Advocate of the Rigihts of the Producing Classes, publishes "A Curious Married Couple," discussing the "Thirty-four years of pretended matrimony" of Mary East/James How and her "wife."<ref>{{GAH}}, pages 225-226, note ???, page ???</ref>
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1863-1864, winter
 
:James J. Archer, a Confederate General, is held prisoner on Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, Ohio, and is alleged to have participated in a drinking party with "Captain Taylor" in which "they all got drunk together and got to hugging each other and saying that they had slept together many a time."<ref>Katz, ''Love Stories'', 137.</ref>
 
:James J. Archer, a Confederate General, is held prisoner on Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, Ohio, and is alleged to have participated in a drinking party with "Captain Taylor" in which "they all got drunk together and got to hugging each other and saying that they had slept together many a time."<ref>Katz, ''Love Stories'', 137.</ref>
  
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===1865===
 
===1865===
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1865
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:George McClaughtery, a Confederate private in the Virgina Artilery, reports to his sister: "The boys . . . rode one of company on a rail last night for leaving the company and going to sleep with Captain [William M.] Lowery's black man."<ref>Katz, ''Love Stories'', 132.</ref>
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1865-1892
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:[[John Addington Symonds and Walt Whitman, 1865-1892]]
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1865, April 10
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:An Iowa legal case, Cleveland v. Detweiler, is appealed to the State's Supreme Court and receives a verdict. It involves charges of slander, and the accusation of "sodomy" (woman with dog, sex unspecified).<ref>18 IA 299 (1865, Apr 10)</ref>
  
  
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===1866===
 
===1866===
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1866, October 19
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:Original legal records in the case of Warren Campbell . . . v. Texas. October 19, 1866. Filed November 27, 1866. Texas State Archives, Austin.<ref>Copy available in the papers of Jonathan Ned Katz, New York Public Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts Division.</ref> This is continued as: State v. Campbell (1967) and involves charges of a "crime against nature" and "sodomy" (man with a mare).<ref>29 TX 44; 94 Am. Dec. 251 (1867)</ref>
  
  
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1867, February 9
 
1867, February 9
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:[[Medical Times: "Aberrations of the Sexual Instinct," February 9, 1867]]
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:"Aberrations of the Sexual Instinct", in the London ''Medical Times and Gazette'', presents a classic defense of traditional attitudes towards women, giving many examples referring to the United States, illustrating how any unconventional woman, whose behavior deviated from social norms, might be condemned as a "sexual aberration". See:  [[Medical Times: "Aberrations of the Sexual Instinct," February 9, 1867]]
  
  
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===1869===
  
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1869
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===1869===
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:A Texas legal case , ''Fennel v. State'', is appealed and receives a verdict in the State's Supreme Court. It involves charges of a "crime against nature" and "sodomy" (unspecified in the brief published report).<ref>32 TX 378 (Sup. Ct.) (1869)</ref>
  
  
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:[[Kertbeny: "Homosexual," Fall 1869]]
 
:[[Kertbeny: "Homosexual," Fall 1869]]
  
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1869, October
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:A California legal case, ''Ex parte Smith and Keating'', includes reference to laws against "rape," the "crime against nature," "prostitution," and "abortion".<ref>38 CA 702 (1869, Oct)</ref>
  
 
=Next: 1870-1879=
 
=Next: 1870-1879=

Latest revision as of 21:56, 27 December 2011

Timeline: 1860 through 1869

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

OPEN ENTRY: This entry is open to collaborative creation by anyone with evidence, citations, and analysis to share, so no particular, named creator is responsible for the accuracy and cogency of its content. Please use this entry's Comment section at the bottom of the page to suggest improvements about which you are unsure. Thanks.


1860

1860

Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN: 100 Queer Places in Minnesota History, (1860-1969), (1969-2010)


1860

As early as 1860 a parody of Walt Whitman's poem "Song of Myself" attacked the poet by picturing him as an effeminate dry-goods clerk. See Postcards: Masculine Women, Feminine Men; early-20th c.


1860, January-July

John William Sterling Journal: January-July 1860


1860, February 28

Louisville (Kentucky) Democrat: John Haskell arrested for “forcible sodomy”, February 28, 1860


1860, March

Walt Whitman is in Boston preparing third edition of Leaves of Grass, the first to include a section of "Calamus" poems about men's intimacies with men, and the "Children of Adam" section about the intimacies of men and women. See Whitman, Symonds, Carpenter: "In paths untrodden," 1859-1924


1860, March 17

Ralph Waldo Emerson meets Walt Whitman on Boston Common and warns the New York poet about publishing some of the sexual poems planned for his new edition of Leaves of Grass.[1]


1860, March 19

Fred Vaughn, in New York, writes to Walt Whitman in Boston, urging Whitman to keep in touch with him, and maintain their earlier intimacy.[2]


1860, March 23

Ralph Waldo Emerson lectures in New York City and discusses intimate friendships between men.[3]


1860, March 27

Fred Vaughn, in New York, writes to Walt Whitman in Boston.[4]


1860, April 18

An Iowa legal case, Estes v. Carter, involving charges of slander through words accusing "sodomy" (unspecified in the brief, published legal report) is appealed and receives a verdict in the state's Supreme Court.[5]


1860, April 30

Fred Vaughn, in New York, writes to Walt Whitman in Boston.[6]


1860, May

Walt Whitman publishes third edition of Leaves of Grass.[7]


1860, May 7

Fred Vaughn, in New York, writes to Walt Whitman in Boston.[8]


1860, May 10

Vanity Fair magazine publishes "Our Agricultural Column: Crop Prospects for 1860", a parody of articles on crops that in this case actually speculates on the prospects of poetry and literature that year. This includes a section on "Calamus" and the statement: "an unusually active market for Calamus is expected this season. The editors of Vanity Fair and Whitman's writer friends in New York apparently knew that in the new edition of his Leaves the poet would introduce the calamus as the primary symbol of intimacy between men.[9]
The Vanity Fair article section titled "Calamus" opens: "There will be a heavy crop of this health-giving root. We observed its graceful blossoms in many a meadow." This may possibly contain a coded sexual reference for those in-the-know, suggesting that the writer had seen erotic acts, implicitly, of men with men, committed in multiple meadows.


1860, May 19

The Saturday Press publishes an extensive review of the new edition of Whitman's Leaves of Grass.[10]


1860, December

A North Carolina legal case, State v. Gray, refers to "buggery," unspecified, in a case of "carnally knowing and abusing an infant female under the age of ten years".[11]


1860, December 11

A legal case decided in Hawaii, Enos v. Sowle, involves "sodomy", man with "boy" or "youth" (age unspecified).[12]


1860, December 14

A legal case, decided in Hawaii, Vieira v. Sowle, involvles "sodomy" of a man with a "boy" (age unspecified).[13]


1861

1861

When the Civil War begins this year, Dr. Mary Edwards Walker travels to Washington, D. C. See: Mary Edwards Walker: November 26, 1832-February 21, 1919


1861, January

The memoir of General Morris Schaff, of the United States Army, recalls male-male dances at West Point Military Academy on the verge of the Civil War. See: U.S. Military Academy at West Point


1861, April

Walt Whitman vows in his diary to initiate a new bodily regime: "to inaugurate for (myself) a (pure) (perfect) sweeet, cleanblooded (robust) body by ignorning all drinks (but0 water and pure milk--and all fat meats [and] late suppers--[a] great body--purged


1861, May

A New York State legal case, Lambertson v. People, appealed to and receives a verdict in the State's Supreme Court. It includes the terms "crime against nature," "buggery," "carnal knowledge" (man with man).[14]


1861, October - December

John William Sterling Journal: October - December 1861


1861, October 30

On this date the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Nevada passed an act adopting the Common Law of England as Nevada's territorial law. Chapter 28, section 45, approved November 26, 1861, read, "The infamous crime against nature, either with man or beast, shall subject the offender to be punished by imprisonment in the Territorial prison for a term not less than five years, and which may extend to life." See: Senate Bill 466


1862

1862, January - June

John William Sterling Journal: January-June 1862


1862, March 25

Ellen Eyre: to Walt Whitman, March 25, 1862[15]


1862, May

Fred Vaughn writes to Walt Whitman in Washington, D.C.[16]


1862, May 18

The Richmond [Virginia] Daily Dispatch, in the Confederate capital, reports a large increase in "prostitutes of both sexes".[17]


1862, July-December

John William Sterling Journal: July-December 1862 UP TO HERE MAKING ENTRIES


1863

1863, July 25

Fincher's Trades Review: An Advocate of the Rigihts of the Producing Classes, publishes "A Curious Married Couple," discussing the "Thirty-four years of pretended matrimony" of Mary East/James How and her "wife."[18]


1863-1864, winter

James J. Archer, a Confederate General, is held prisoner on Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, Ohio, and is alleged to have participated in a drinking party with "Captain Taylor" in which "they all got drunk together and got to hugging each other and saying that they had slept together many a time."[19]


1864

1864, March 20

John J. Willey, of the First Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, quartered in Brandy Station, Virgina, writes to his wife about an all-male ball in which some of the men dressed as women.[20]


1864, April 3

Oscar Cram of the Eleventh Massachusetts Infantry writes to a correspondent, "Ellen", telling her about an all-male ball that recently occurred.[21]


1865

1865

George McClaughtery, a Confederate private in the Virgina Artilery, reports to his sister: "The boys . . . rode one of company on a rail last night for leaving the company and going to sleep with Captain [William M.] Lowery's black man."[22]


1865-1892

John Addington Symonds and Walt Whitman, 1865-1892


1865, April 10

An Iowa legal case, Cleveland v. Detweiler, is appealed to the State's Supreme Court and receives a verdict. It involves charges of slander, and the accusation of "sodomy" (woman with dog, sex unspecified).[23]


1865, April 21

William Anderson, a sailor, and Henry Smith, a petty officer on the USS SHamrock, docked in North Carolina, are charged with "holding improper indecent intercourse."[24]


1865, April 23

John C. Smith and Louis Jerut, of the USS Shamrock, docked in North Carolina, are charged with "improper and indecent intercourse with each other."[25]


1865, October 30

Seaman Henry Williams and ordinary seaman William Steward, of the Muscota, docked in Key West, Florida, are charged with an "unnatural crime", unspecified.[26]


1866

1866, October 19

Original legal records in the case of Warren Campbell . . . v. Texas. October 19, 1866. Filed November 27, 1866. Texas State Archives, Austin.[27] This is continued as: State v. Campbell (1967) and involves charges of a "crime against nature" and "sodomy" (man with a mare).[28]


1867

1867, February 9

"Aberrations of the Sexual Instinct", in the London Medical Times and Gazette, presents a classic defense of traditional attitudes towards women, giving many examples referring to the United States, illustrating how any unconventional woman, whose behavior deviated from social norms, might be condemned as a "sexual aberration". See: Medical Times: "Aberrations of the Sexual Instinct," February 9, 1867


1868

1868

End of intimacy between Addie Brown and Rebecca Primus, two African American women, 1859-1868. See: Addie Brown and Rebecca Primus: "No kisses is like youres," 1859-1868


1868, May 6

Kertbeny: "Homosexual," "Heterosexual," May 6, 1868


1869

1869

A Texas legal case , Fennel v. State, is appealed and receives a verdict in the State's Supreme Court. It involves charges of a "crime against nature" and "sodomy" (unspecified in the brief published report).[29]


1869, Fall

Kertbeny: "Homosexual," Fall 1869


1869, October

A California legal case, Ex parte Smith and Keating, includes reference to laws against "rape," the "crime against nature," "prostitution," and "abortion".[30]

Next: 1870-1879

Notes

  1. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 126
  2. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 125.
  3. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 126. WOULD BE GREAT TO HAVE MORE DETAIL ABOUT THIS!=JNK
  4. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 126.
  5. ↑ 10 IA 400 (Sup. Ct.) (1860 Apr 18)
  6. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 129
  7. ↑ http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/topics/waltwhitman.html Library of Congres
  8. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 129.
  9. ↑ Robert Scholnick, "'An Unusually Active Market for Calamus': Whitman, Vanity Fair, and the Fate of Humor in a Time of War, 1860-1863", Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, Volume 19, Number 3 (Winter 2002) pages 148-181; the reference in question is on page 162.
  10. ↑ Scholnick, "Unusually", page 162.
  11. ↑ 8 Jones (N.C.) 170 (1860, Dec)
  12. ↑ 2 HA 332 (1860, Dec 11)
  13. ↑ 2 HA 346 (1860, Dec 14)
  14. ↑ (Sup. Ct. Gen. T.) 5 Park. Crim. (N.Y.) 200 (1861, May)
  15. ↑ Has the identity of Eyre been established by scholars? Could she have been a male impersonating a woman?
  16. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 136.
  17. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 134.
  18. ↑ Jonathan Ned Katz, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A. (NY: Crowell, 1976), pages 225-226, note ???, page ???
  19. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 137.
  20. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 135.
  21. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 136.
  22. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 132.
  23. ↑ 18 IA 299 (1865, Apr 10)
  24. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 134.
  25. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 134
  26. ↑ Katz, Love Stories, 134.
  27. ↑ Copy available in the papers of Jonathan Ned Katz, New York Public Library, Rare Books and Manuscripts Division.
  28. ↑ 29 TX 44; 94 Am. Dec. 251 (1867)
  29. ↑ 32 TX 378 (Sup. Ct.) (1869)
  30. ↑ 38 CA 702 (1869, Oct)


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